Physical Properties of Solutions

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Presentation transcript:

Physical Properties of Solutions

Matter Mixture Homogeneous Heterogeneous Pure Substance Compound Element Separate Physically Separate Chemically

Types of Solutions

Solution Solvent Solute Soft drink (l) H2O Sugar, CO2 Air (g) N2 O2, Ar, CH4 Steel (s) Fe C

aqueous solutions of KMnO4 Solubility Soluble Insoluble aqueous solutions of KMnO4 CdS PbS Ni(OH)2 Al(OH)3

Are the solutions the same? How can we describe them?

Concentration Concentrated Dilute Add solvent

Saturation Unsaturated Saturated Supersaturated

Solvation

Three types of interactions in the solution process: solvent-solvent interaction solute-solute interaction solvent-solute interaction Molecular view of the formation of solution

“like dissolves like” Two substances with similar intermolecular forces are likely to be soluble in each other. non-polar molecules are soluble in non-polar solvents CCl4 in C6H6 polar molecules are soluble in polar solvents C2H5OH in H2O ionic compounds are more soluble in polar solvents NaCl in H2O or NH3 (l)

Solvation glucose in water Glucose in water

Factors that Affect Rate of Solvation Aggravation Solute particle size (surface area) Temperature Pressure (gas only)