16.2 – Maya Kings & Cities Bell Ringer: How do the Characteristics of Maya civilization compare with the characteristics of a typical civilization? Use.

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16.2 – Maya Kings & Cities Bell Ringer: How do the Characteristics of Maya civilization compare with the characteristics of a typical civilization? Use notes prior information

Maya Lands stretched from southern Mexico to northern Central America Lowlands (North) – rain forests & dry scrub Highlands (South) – cool, mountainous Built on Olmec influences

Urban Centers 250-900 A.D. – Classic Period Build spectacular cities – Tikal, Copán, Chichén Itza Formed independent city-states Ruled by god-king Centers for trade & religion Feature pyramids, temples, elaborate carvings, ball courts

Agriculture & Trade City-states linked by two things: (ruled by God-kings) Alliances & Trade Trade salt, shells, honey, cotton textiles, jade Cacao acts as currency Diet: Maize, beans, & squash Techniques for farming: Slash-&-Burn Raised beds & terraces

Society Farming & trade = Huge amounts of wealth Social classes develop Kings on top society Holy figure, hereditary -Nobles: priests & warriors Middle: Merchants & artisans Bottom: peasants

Religion Polytheistic Associated with directions & colors Good, evil, or both Associated with directions & colors North (White) South (Yellow) East (Red) West (Black) Center (Green) Worshipped gods through food, flowers, & blood Practiced human sacrifice Victims into a cenote (hole) w/ gold, jade & offerings Pleased the gods & balanced the world

Math & Astronomy Religion = development of calendars, math, & astronomy Calendars very accurate Days lucky or unlucky b/c of gods; had to know Two linked calendars: 260 & 365 days Based on positioning of the sun, moon, & planets Math system based on 20 & included zero = accuracy

Written Language Most advanced of the ancient Americas Consisted of ~800 glyphs (symbols) Whole words of syllables Record writings in a codex Famous writings: Popol Vuh Recounts the Maya story of creation P. 448

Decline Mysterious decline Late-800s: abandon cities Toltecs settle in lands & change culture Warfare increases & disrupts trade Population growth & over-farming = shortages & famine Maya are weak & divided by time Spaniards arrive

https://www. youtube. com/watch. v=vP0J42viF5k https://www. youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vP0J42viF5k https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=btvmI3BpvvY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s151jVxpx2E

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