The regency of Northumberland L.O. to develop an understanding of the event of Northumberland’s regency by answering some questions. Key events in the regency of Somerset

Somerset’s regency represented a fundamental shift in the Tudor dynasty. Assess the validity of this view.

Was there a big change? Big Change Only a small change Social In the short term there were two large rebellions against the monarchy - Western Rebellion - Kett Rebellion The Rebellions were only small changes because in the Long term they were easily crushed. Political In the short term England no longer had a king but instead a Regency. In the long term the position of the king remained but was waiting until Edward achieved maturity. Henry’s idea of a ‘committee’ to support his son was destroyed and Somerset created a traditional Privy Council. Economic Religious Single uniform system of worship The writings of Martin Luther became freely available. As a result an educated and literate population began discussing more and more ideas. 6 Articles are removed Radical immigrants It did not change the doctrines or practice of religion hugely. Under Henry VIII there were small parts of the church services in English. This increased a little bit. Cranmer’s changes to the prayer book were very vague. Military

‘Somerset’s regency represented a fundamental shift in governmental policy.’ Assess the validity of this view. Fundamental shift NOT a fundamental shift Social Rebellions Rebellions quelled Political Regency Privvy council, not government by committee Faction led Economic Tried to provide for the poor Continued problems due to enclosure and inflation. Religious Radicals emigrated to England Relaxation of press censorship led too explosion of pamplets 6 Articles removed. Development of uniformity Bishops evenly split Cranmer’s moderate reforms In the ST the religious changes did not represent a fundamental shift. However in the LT the foundations for fundamental religious changes were laid. Military Shift in military focus to Scotland over france. Costly and ineffective wars continued to characterised English FP.

Key events in the reign of Henry VIII Successes and failures of Cardinal Wolsey Successes and failures of Thomas Cromwell Timeline of Henry’s reign

Using your understanding of the historical context assess how convincing the arguments are in relation to……(30 marks) Point: Extract x is convincing….WFTQ….because the extract states…. Evidence: Evidence to support this is ……. Explanation: This means that the extract is convincing because…. Therefore (WFTQ)…. Point: Extract x is NOT convincing….WFTW….because the extract states…. Repeat for each extract.

Extract A: Evidence to support the interpretation: Evidence to refute the interpretation:

Extract B: Evidence to support the interpretation: Evidence to refute the interpretation:

Extract C: Evidence to support the interpretation: Evidence to refute the interpretation:

Complete the activities for the sources A and B.

Religious change under Northumberland: Explain why the influence of Protestantism increased under the regency of Northumberland. Draw a flow diagram to show how England was made more Protestant under Northumberland. Who favoured Protestantism? Why were the poor least likely to support Protestantism? In what ways did Humanism increase its influence in England under Northumberland?

Northumberland’s religious changes from Catholicism to Protestantism….

Northumberland’s foreign policy Success or failure? Scotland Holy Roman Empire France

Northumberland’s economic policies: Economic problem Northumberland’s solutions Reduced trade with the Netherlands Lack of food Lack of government funds

The succession crisis of 1553: Cause Event Solution

‘The rebellions of 1549 were primarily caused by economic problems ‘The rebellions of 1549 were primarily caused by economic problems.’ How valid is this assessment? The leadership of Somerset exacerbated the economic problems faced by Tudor England resulting in the rebellions of 1549. The Western Rebllion was primarily caused by economic problems. The rebellions were caused by religious issues. The Kett Rebellion was primarily caused by economic problems. The rebellions were caused by the war with Scotland The rebellions were caused by the poor leadership of Somerset. In conclusion it is clear that the economic problems that faced Tudor England caused social unrest. Ultimately therefore the economic problems can be seen as the primary long term cause of the rebellions of 1549. However the economic problems were exacerbated by Somerset’s rule. His Protestant religious reforms were unpopular with the majority of the uneducated English people. Furthermore his costly war with Scotland put further economic and political strain on his fragile government. Therefore Somerset’s religious and military policies can be seen as the short term triggers to rebellion.

What rebellions were there between 1536 – 1558? ‘The main causes of rebellions in the years 1536 and 1558 was religious disagreements.’ Assess the validity of this view. What rebellions were there between 1536 – 1558?

Religious reasons Other SPERM reasons The Pilgrimage of Grace 1536 The Western Rebellion of 1549 Kett’s rebellion of 1549 Wyatts Rebellion 1554

In conclusion there were religious reasons for all of the rebellions from 1536 – 1558. However these was not the main reason for each of these rebellions. The main cause of these rebellions was the long term economic problems faced by the people in England which exacerbated the social divisions in times of political uncertainty.