How is Society Like a Human Body? Get them to focus on one part, and think of some part of society that does a similar job. SUGAR PAPER DRAW ROUND EACH OTHER

Theories – Functionalism The BIG Idea Theories – Functionalism We are Learning to... Deepen our understanding of functionalist sociological theory. Discover three key concepts used by functionalist sociologists to explain how society works. In today’s lesson... GOOD Learning... Be able to give a brief outline of the functionalist approach to society. GREAT LEARNING... Be able to give a detailed outline of the functionalist approach to society, using key words from today’s lesson. EVEN BETTER... Be able to give a detailed outline of the functionalist approach to society, using key words and examples to develop your points, and identify a criticism of the functionalist approach.

Functionalism > The body has Vital Organs whilst society has VITAL INSTITUTIONS. Emile Durkheim (1858 -1917) > These ‘Organs/ Institutions’ work ‘INTERDEPENDENTLY’ > All the small units of the body/ society work as one in order for overall survival & function. Society works like a human body. This is known as the ‘ORGANIC ANALOGY’ Go round the tables and try to think of different FUNCTIONS of the institutions (for society or for individuals)

COLLECTIVE CONSCIENCE The key word in Functionalism is ‘FUNCTION’ – everything benefits society. Durkheim believes that society is much more important than any individual and therefore it is everyone’s job to ensure it functions and survives – without it we would cease to develop and eventually die out. It is essential that society is based on a CONSENSUS: SOCIETY Individuals SOCIAL ORDER COLLECTIVE CONSCIENCE VALUE CONSENSUS Institutions Groups

CONCEPT VIDEO https://youtu.be/CTSrA1qGrWI

Lesson 2 – Homework Questions

COLLECTIVE CONSCIENCE (Emile Durkheim) VALUE CONSENSUS (Talcott Parsons) SOCIAL ORDER (Talcott Parsons) A sense of agreed beliefs and norms. A society with strong social bonds between members of the society. A shared set of values, which encourages harmony in a society, which then encourages social order. A society governed by the rule of law, where individuals are free from the threat of violence, and have their basic needs met. EXTENSION – CRITICISE IT, THEN SWAP THE TOPICS Functionalism and Family: Murdock believes that the family provides four vital functions for society: sexual, reproductive, economic and educational. The family is the primary point of socialization in that it provides children with values and norms. Family also stabilizes adult personalities. A family unit provides emotional security for each person in the relationship. Functionalism and Crime and Deviance: Durkheim shows us that there is such a thing as society, and that it is this entity called society that creates crime and deviance. Crime and deviance are socially constructed - they are not natural, obvious, or theologically inspired categories. They are concepts that were brought into the world solely by humankind. Functionalism and Religion: Religion contributes to the social structure and well-being of society. It does this by teaching values and consensus. Durkheim saw social life as impossible to achieve without the shared values and norms achieved through collective conscience. Religion comes with values and norms that are shared between groups. This helps strengthen the integration of society. Parsons argued that religious beliefs provide guidelines and that these guidelines establish general principles and moral beliefs which provide stability and order for society. In what ways might crime help create a collective conscience? In what ways might the family help create a value consensus? In what ways might education help create social order?

“Outline the functionalist approach to sociology.” Exam Technique - PEEEL “Outline the functionalist approach to sociology.” Point (Introduce a concept, idea, or factor) Explanation (“by this I mean…define / explain it”) Evidence/Example (give a real life example or evidence) Evaluation of point (“however, this idea can be criticised for… a counter explanation is…”) Link back to the question being asked (“So this illustrates the functionalist approach to sociology, in so much as…”) Do this for the concepts of Organic Analogy, Collective Conscience, and Functional Prerequisites, plus two others of your choice.

Theories – Functionalism The BIG Idea Theories – Functionalism We are Learning to... Deepen our understanding of functionalist sociological theory. Discover three key concepts used by functionalist sociologists to explain how society works. In today’s lesson... GOOD Learning... Be able to give a brief outline of the functionalist approach to society. GREAT LEARNING... Be able to give a detailed outline of the functionalist approach to society, using key words from today’s lesson. EVEN BETTER... Be able to give a detailed outline of the functionalist approach to society, using key words and examples to develop your points, and identify a criticism of the functionalist approach.

How far do you agree with Durkheim’s view of Society? Value Consensus, Collective Consciousness & Social Order These must be constantly reinforced so that that the society continues to function properly. In order to do this, individuals are subjected to POSITIVE & NEGATIVE SANCTIONS Functionalism emphasises ‘harmony, unity & & integration’ between all parts of society. Everything ‘Pulling in the Same Direction’. How far do you agree with Durkheim’s view of Society? Can you think of examples of things that happen in society that do not contribute to society’s wellbeing?