بنده پیر خراباتم که لطفش دایم است

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Presentation transcript:

بنده پیر خراباتم که لطفش دایم است ورنه لطف شیخ و زاهد گاه هست و گاه نیست

Noise Pollution

اهداف ویژه آلودگی صوتی را تعریف نماید. اثرات فیزیولوژیکی و پاتولوژیکی سروصدا را شرح دهد. اثرات شنیداری و غیرشنیداری سروصدا را بیان نماید. انواع افت شنوایی به دنبال تماس با سروصدا را نام ببرد. مراحل مختلف ناشنوایی حرفه­ای را برشمارد. برنامه­های حفاظت از شنوایی را شرح دهد. انواع وسایل حفاظت فردی شنوایی را نام ببرد.

اهداف ویژه پرتوهای خطرزا را با ذکر مثال توضیح دهد. منابع مواجهه انسان با پرتوها را نام ببرد. 1قدامات حفاظتی در برابر پرتوها را برشمارد. واحدهای اندازه­گیری تابش پرتوها را توضیح دهد.

Noise Pollution صدای نامناسب در محلی نابجا و وقتی بی موقع

ویژگی صدا شدت ( db) فرکانس (HZ ) سرعت انتشار

اندازه گیری صدا Sound Level Meter (SLM) Noise Dosimeter

سطوح قابل قبول سروصدا شدت صدا مدت زمان تماس

محل اقامت اتاق خواب 25 اتاق نشیمن 40 محل تجارتی و کار اداره 45 – 35 کنفرانس 45 – 40 رستوران 60 – 40 صنایع کارگاه آزمایشگاه 50 – 40 آموزشی کلاس درس 40 – 30 کتابخانه بیمارستان بخش 35 - 20

شدت سروصدا (db) مدت تحمل ( hr) 90 8 92 6 95 4 97 3 100 2 105 1

اثرات صدا بر انسان فیزیولوژیک پاتولوژیک شنیداری غیرشنیداری

اثرات صدا بر شنوایی ONIHL or NIHL Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS) Permanent Threshold Shift (PTS)

اثرات دیگر Masking Noise Tinnitus Vertigo Physiologic effects

ارزیابی میزان شنوایی Pure Tone Audiometery آزمون دیاپازون (کیفی) نجوا (ساده ترین) آزمون دیاپازون (کیفی) Pure Tone Audiometery

کنترل سروصدا کاهش صدا در منبع تولید جلوگیری از انتقال حفاظت فردی

Hearing Conservation Program بررسی صدا اقدامات کنترل مهندسی کنترل اداری آموزش / اطلاع رسانی وسایل حفاظت فردی بررسی نتایج شنوایی سنجی

اجازه ندهيم كه دچار مرگ تدريجي بشويم! شاد بودن را فراموش نكنيم!

یارب از ابر هدایت برسان بارانی پیشتر زانکه چو گردی زمیان برخیزم

Radiation Hygiene α β γ

منابع مواجهه با پرتو مصنوعی (اشعه X، انفجار هسته ای، متفرقه) طبیعی ( کیهانی، زمینی) مصنوعی (اشعه X، انفجار هسته ای، متفرقه)

واحدهای اندازه گیری Roentgen, Coulombs/kg Rad, GY REM, Sievert

Roentgen Equivalent Man REM = Rad × Quality factor نشانگر توان خطر بالقوه برای سلامتی

ظرفیت کیفی پرتوها پرتو یون ساز QF γ و X 1 α 20 نوترون سریع 10 پرتون β 7/1 - 1

انواع پرتو یونیزه ( رادون، دستگاه های مولد اشعه X، TV) غیریونیزه ( ماوراء بنفش، مادون قرمز، لیزر)

پیامدهای زیست شناختی پرتوها جسمی ژنتیکی

مقدار مجاز پرتوگیری پرسنل (5 REM ) افراد عادی ( 0.5 REM)

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