APUSHING 2.2 The British Colonies participated in political, social, cultural, and economic exchanges with Great Britain that encouraged both stronger bonds with Britain and resistance to Britain’s control.

2.2.1 Transatlantic commercial, religious, philosophical, and political exchanges led residents of the British colonies to evolve in their political and cultural attitudes as they became increasingly tied to Britain and one another. In a nutshell: How colonists became Americans while still being British…

The Effect of Religious and Ethnic Pluralism Intellectual exchange Revised paradigms Enhanced by larger movements

Shifts toward Anglicization Over Time English-style autonomous political communities Intercolonial commercial ties Trans-Atlantic print culture Spread of Protestant evangelicalism

The Colonies and Britain’s Relationship Status British attempts at imperial structure Mercantilist economic aims Conflicts with colonists and Indians Erratic enforcement of imperial policies

Origins of Colonial Resistance Local experiences of self- government Evolving ideas of liberty Greater religious independence and diversity Perceived corruption of the imperial system

2.2.2 Like other European empires in the Americas that participated in the Atlantic slave trade, the English colonies developed a system of slavery that reflected the specific economic, demographic, and geographic characteristics of those colonies. In a nutshell: Slavery was in all the colonies, but it varied by region in style and intensity.

Why Slavery? European demand for colonial goods Labor shortage Attitudes of the time

Slavery in New England & the Mid-Atlantic Colonies Few if any moral qualms (except for the Quakers) Not economically necessary Not economically viable Most common in port cities

Slavery in the Chesapeake and Deep South Labor-intensive agriculture Emergence of Plantation system Still not as much as in the West Indies

Slave Codes Emerge as numbers of slaves increases New and strict racial system Interracial relationships prohibited Children born to slave women are slaves They become more detailed over time

African Resistance Overt and covert, but mostly covert Against the dehumanizing aspects of slavery To maintain family and gender systems, culture, and religion.