Ideal future dairy farm : a Walloon breeders’ point of view A.-C. Dalcq*1, T. Dogot1, H. Soyeurt1, Y. Brostaux1, P. Delhez1,6, F. Vanwindekens2, E. Froidmont2, P. Rondia2, B. Wyzen3, A. Masure4, C. Bauraind5 and Y. Beckers1 1 ULg-GXABT, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium 2 CRA-W, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium 3 AWE, 5590 Ciney, Belgium 4 FWA, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium 5 Collège des Producteurs, 5000 Namur, Belgium 6 FNR-FNRS, 1000 Brussels, Belgium

Quota Introduction Material and methods (1) Material and methods (2) Results and discussion Conclusion Quota

VS Before Quota Intensive vs extensive Introduction Material and methods (1) Material and methods (2) Results and discussion Conclusion Intensive vs extensive Before Quota Survey of Walloon dairy breeders (N = 245) Nov 2014 - Feb 2015 Future ideal farm to ensure a revenue according to dairy breeders VS

VS Before Quota Intensive vs extensive Specialised vs diversified Introduction Material and methods (1) Material and methods (2) Results and discussion Conclusion Intensive vs extensive Specialised vs diversified Before Quota Survey of Walloon dairy breeders (N = 245) Nov 2014 - Feb 2015 Future ideal farm to ensure a revenue according to dairy breeders VS

VS Before Quota Intensive vs extensive Specialised vs diversified Introduction Material and methods (1) Material and methods (2) Results and discussion Conclusion Intensive vs extensive Specialised vs diversified Before Quota Strongly vs lowly based on new technologies Survey of Walloon dairy breeders (N = 245) Nov 2014 - Feb 2015 Future ideal farm to ensure a revenue according to dairy breeders VS

VS Before Quota Intensive vs extensive Specialised vs diversified Introduction Material and methods (1) Material and methods (2) Results and discussion Conclusion Intensive vs extensive Specialised vs diversified Before Quota Strongly vs lowly based on new technologies Survey of Walloon dairy breeders (N = 245) Nov 2014 - Feb 2015 Future ideal farm to ensure a revenue according to dairy breeders Salaried vs family workforce VS

VS Before Quota Intensive vs extensive Specialised vs diversified Introduction Material and methods (1) Material and methods (2) Results and discussion Conclusion Intensive vs extensive Specialised vs diversified Before Quota Strongly vs lowly based on new technologies Survey of Walloon dairy breeders (N = 245) Nov 2014 - Feb 2015 Future ideal farm to ensure a revenue according to dairy breeders Salaried vs family workforce VS Independent farmer vs group of farmers management

VS Before Quota Intensive vs extensive Specialised vs diversified Introduction Material and methods (1) Material and methods (2) Results and discussion Conclusion Intensive vs extensive Specialised vs diversified Before Quota Strongly vs lowly based on new technologies Survey of Walloon dairy breeders (N = 245) Nov 2014 - Feb 2015 Future ideal farm to ensure a revenue according to dairy breeders Salaried vs family workforce VS Independent farmer vs group of farmers management Global vs local market

VS Before Quota Intensive vs extensive Specialised vs diversified Introduction Material and methods (1) Material and methods (2) Results and discussion Conclusion Intensive vs extensive Specialised vs diversified Before Quota Strongly vs lowly based on new technologies Survey of Walloon dairy breeders (N = 245) Nov 2014 - Feb 2015 Future ideal farm to ensure a revenue according to dairy breeders Salaried vs family workforce VS Independent farmer vs group of farmers management Global vs local market Standard vs Differentiated quality milk

63% 56% 61% 30% 20% 16% ‘Unhappy’ 46% 39% 8% 55% Introduction Material and methods (1) Material and methods (2) Results and discussion Conclusion 63% 56% 61% 30% 20% 16% ‘Unhappy’ 46% 39% 8% 55%

Objectives Characterizing the ideal future dairy farm Introduction Material and methods (1) Material and methods (2) Results and discussion Conclusion Objectives Characterizing the ideal future dairy farm Studying how to help breeders to reach it

Multivariate analysis of several qualitative variables Introduction Material and methods (1) Material and methods (2) Results and discussion Conclusion Intensive vs extensive Multivariate analysis of several qualitative variables Specialised vs diversified Strongly vs lowly based on new technologies Salaried vs family workforce Multiple correspondence analysis Independent farmer vs group of farmers management // ACP Global vs local market Standard vs Differentiated quality milk

Creation of clusters based on several quantitative variables Introduction Material and methods (1) Material and methods (2) Results and discussion Conclusion Intensive vs extensive Creation of clusters based on several quantitative variables Specialised vs diversified Strongly vs lowly based on new technologies Salaried vs family workforce Multiple correspondence analysis Numerical classification Coordinates Independent farmer vs group of farmers management Global vs local market Standard vs Differentiated quality milk

Local-based extensive Ideal future farm group N Local-based extensive 39 Neutral 74 Global-based intensive 94 No opinion 38 Local-based extensive

Global-based intensive Local-based extensive Ideal future farm group N Local-based extensive 39 Neutral 74 Global-based intensive 94 No opinion 38 Global-based intensive Local-based extensive

Global-based intensive Local-based extensive Ideal future farm group N Local-based extensive 39 Neutral 74 Global-based intensive 94 No opinion 38 Global-based intensive Neutral Local-based extensive

Global-based intensive Local-based extensive Ideal future farm group N Local-based extensive 39 Neutral 74 Global-based intensive 94 No opinion 38 Global-based intensive No opinion Neutral Local-based extensive

Multiple correspondence analysis Numerical classification Introduction Material and methods (1) Material and methods (2) Results and discussion Conclusion Intensive vs extensive Specialised vs diversified Strongly vs lowly based on new technologies Salaried vs family workforce Multiple correspondence analysis Numerical classification Coordinates Independent farmer vs group of farmers management Global vs local market Standard vs Differentiated quality milk

GLM Who? Introduction Material and methods (1) Results and discussion Conclusion Intensive vs extensive Specialised vs diversified Strongly vs lowly based on new technologies GLM Salaried vs family workforce Multiple correspondence analysis Coordinates Numerical classification Who? Independent farmer vs group of farmers management Global vs local market Standard vs Differentiated quality milk

Who? Local-based extensive Neutral Global-based intensive No opinion Introduction Material and methods (1) Material and methods (2) Results and discussion Conclusion Who? Local-based extensive Neutral Global-based intensive No opinion P-value Area (ha) 70.1b 86.5a 90.9a 87.2a 0.07 Quota (l) 330524b 521695a 652625a 632881a 0.006 Number of cows 55.8b 76.5b 94.0a 72.9b Number of workers 2.7a 2.9a 2.8a 2.6a 0.5

How to help/advise them? Which brakes? Which needs? Introduction Material and methods (1) Material and methods (2) Results and discussion Conclusion Intensive vs extensive Specialised vs diversified Strongly vs lowly based on new technologies GLM Salaried vs family workforce Multiple correspondence analysis Coordinates Numerical classification Who? Independent farmer vs group of farmers management Global vs local market Standard vs Differentiated quality milk How to help/advise them? Which brakes? Which needs? Χ2 test (Independence test)

Brakes, needs? - Consumer loyalty - Size of investments Introduction Material and methods (1) Material and methods (2) Results and discussion Conclusion Brakes, needs? - Consumer loyalty (P = 0.07) - Size of investments (P = 0.05) Brakes on dairy transformation and diversification Only area investment (not the other investments) Local-based extensive Neutral Global-based intensive No opinion

Brakes, needs? -Administrative formation (P = 0.04) Introduction Material and methods (1) Material and methods (2) Results and discussion Conclusion Brakes, needs? -Administrative formation (P = 0.04) -Transformation and diversification formation (P = 0.03) -Finance and management formation (P = 0.02) Needs in formation Only area investment (not the other investments) Local-based extensive Neutral Global-based intensive No opinion

Brakes, needs? - Transformation and direct sell of dairy products Introduction Material and methods (1) Material and methods (2) Results and discussion Conclusion Brakes, needs? - Transformation and direct sell of dairy products (P = 0.003) - On farm Horeca, tourism, educational activities (P = 0.05) Sector of interest Only area investment (not the other investments) Local-based extensive Neutral Global-based intensive No opinion

Brakes, needs? -Consultance company (P = 0.02) Introduction Material and methods (1) Material and methods (2) Results and discussion Conclusion Brakes, needs? -Consultance company (P = 0.02) -Regional administration (P = 0.09) -Commercial companies (P = 0.02) Places of study, information or formation Only area investment (not the other investments) Local-based extensive Neutral Global-based intensive No opinion

Who ≠ Brakes, needs ≠ ‘Unhappy’ Global-based intensive No opinion Introduction Material and methods (1) Material and methods (2) Results and discussion Conclusion ‘Unhappy’ Global-based intensive No opinion Neutral Who ≠ Local-based extensive Brakes, needs ≠

Thanks for your attention! Acknowledgments Data Financial support Thanks for your attention! Mail : anne-catherine.dalcq@ulg.ac.be