ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE ATP ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE

ENERGY Where does energy come from? Most would say from food, but….. Energy comes from the sun! Autotroph: organisms which make their own food Example: plants use the sun’s energy to make food. Heterotroph: organisms that obtain energy from the foods they consume. Example: humans, dogs, cats, snakes, insects, etc.

Carbohydrates Composed of: 1 Carbon: 2 Hydrogen: 1 Oxygen Monomer: Monosaccharides Ring shaped molecules Glucose is life’s main source of energy! Functions: 1. Quick energy source to maintain homeostasis 2. Structural compound- plant cell walls (cellulose) 3. Energy storage (starch in plants, glycogen in animals)

Monosaccharides- Simple sugars OH H HO CH2OH O Glucose (made in photosynthesis) Fructose (in fruit)

Disaccharides Sucrose (table sugar) glucose + fructose Lactose (in milk) glucose + galactose

Polysaccharides Starch (stores glucose in the plants) Cellulose / Fiber (plant cell wall ingredient) Glycogen (stores glucose in the liver)

What is ATP? A chemical compound that cells use to store and release energy. ATP is released from the break down of your food- carbs, lipids, and proteins. Cells prefer to break down CARBS to get this energy.

Why not just use glucose? Too much energy released at once; would be inefficient ATP is just the right amount of energy for a cell to do work $20 is enough to buy a snack from a vending machine, but is TOO much…$1 is just right

ATP Structure SKETCH THIS IN YOUR NOTES! Made up of: Adenine (Nitrogen base) Ribose (5 carbon sugar) 3 Phosphate groups The three phosphate groups are the key to ATP's ability to store and release energy.

Structure continued ADENOSINE- RIBOSE bonded to ADENINE via dehydration synthesis

ATP-ADP Cycle Break down of ATP via Hydrolysis to release ENERGY. Breaks the high energy bond between 2nd and 3rd phosphates to release energy that is used for cellular work + ENERGY

ATP-ADP Cycle DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS HYDROLYSIS Partially charged

Can you name the parts?