Department of Community Health Nursing Annammal College of Nursing FILARIASIS Presented By Mrs.S. AKHILA DAS M.Sc (N) Asst. Professor Department of Community Health Nursing Annammal College of Nursing

Introduction: Filariasis is a major health problem globally. It is estimated that in South East Asia region, 60 million people are infected and about 31 million people have clinical manifestation of the disease.

Definition Filariasis is an infection by filarial worms in the blood and lymph channel, lymph glands and other tissues. These are spread by blood feeding black flies and mosquitoes.

Filariasis caused by thread like round worm belonging to filarioidea type

LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS Caused by the worms Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi These worms occupy the lymphatic system including the lymph nodes, in chronic cases these worms lead to elephantiasis

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRIAD AGENT : Microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti

culex

All ages are susceptible Common among 20-30 years Occur in males HOST FACTOR All ages are susceptible Common among 20-30 years Occur in males

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS a. breeding places- pools, soakage pits

b. Bad drainage

c. Inadequate sewage disposal

d. Septic tanks

e. Open ditches

f. Poor environmental sanitation

MODE OF TRANSMISSION man- mosquito- man Bite of an infected animal Open scratch or wound in contact with infectious material such as blood or saliva Human to human in case of corneal transplant By mucous membrane when it comes in contact with infectious material

INCUBATION PERIOD 8 to 16 months

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION Fever Epididymo-orchitis Lymphangitis

Lymphadenitis Lymphoedema various parts of body

When fibrosis and obstruction of lymphatic vessels occur due to chronic stage, Hydrocele Elephantiasis may affect legs, penis, scrotum, breast and vulva Chyluria

DIAGNOSIS Clinical manifestation Thick blood film Serological test DEC provocation test

PREVENTION AND CONTROL MEASURES 1. Identification of cases and carriers of filariasis

2. Control of mosquito A. Anti- larval measures Removal of pistia plant

Herbicides used for removal of pistia phenoxylene 30

Chemical control measures temephos pyrethrum oil

fenthion

B. Anti adult measures – spraying of pyrethrum

3. Treatment

4. Personal protection a. use of mosquito nets

b. Screening of houses

c. Use of repellents

5. Environmental Sanitation Filling up soakage pits Avoiding stay of stagnant water Maintenance of septic tanks Filling up of cess pools Draining stagnant water

NATIONAL FILARIA CONTROL PROGRAMME Has been in operation since 1955 In 1978, NFCP merged with urban malaria scheme for maximum utilization of available resources.

objectives To carry out surveys To train paramedical professionals To control filariasis in rural areas by case detection and treatment Reduction of problem in unsurveyed areas Control in urban areas through recurrent anti larval and anti parasitic measures

Activities To achieve elimination of lymphatic filariasis during 2004 Door to door survey in filarial endemic district Provision of DEC tablets in addition to home based foot care and hydrocele operation

THANK YOU