Menus Have you ever ordered something from a fast food restaurant and the order turned out to be incorrect? What lead to that error?

What happens to changes in instructions? What makes the orders for protein synthesis in our body? What do you think would happen if that order got changed? Watch video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qd0HrY2NlwY&feature=related I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Objective: We will identify and illustrate changes in DNA and evaluate the significance of those changes. I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA. I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Folding Time! Fold your paper in half three times, then unfold it completely. It should look like below: I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Fold your paper “hamburger” and cut halfway through the middle on the folded edge. I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Push the edges together to collapse the diamond and make a book. Unfold your paper and refold it “hot dog.” You should see a diamond shape where you cut. Push the edges together to collapse the diamond and make a book. Cut the top (or bottom) folded edges so that you book has 10 pages (not including front and back covers). I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Title your book “Mutations” and put your name on the front cover. Number the pages starting with the back of the front cover. You should get to Number 10, not including the back cover. I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

The entrance to the park was closed. Copy the sentence below to your notebook (in pencil). The entrance to the park was closed. I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Erase the letter “d” from the word “closed” Reread the sentence. What does it say now? Is the meaning still the same? The entrance to the park was close. I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Sentence mutation The entrance to the park was closed. I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Copy these words on to same page. Milk Wipe Four Food I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Change one letter in each word Write down each change you made. Example: Milk Mile Come up with as many new words as you can for each word. I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Milk Mile WipeWise FourFoul FoodFool I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Page 1: Mutation A mutation is a change in the sequence of DNA (1 or more nucleotides) that may have a harmful effect on the organism. I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Page 2: Types of mutations Gene mutation-mutations that involve changes in one or two nucleotides. (aka- point mutation) Chromosomal mutation - changes in the number of chromosomes or its structure. (change in location of genes or number of genes) I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Page 4: Substitution A type of point mutation where one nucleotide is changed for another I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Question How might a substitution mutation affect protein synthesis? I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Thesunwashotbuttheoldmandidnotgethishat. If you were to split this sentence into individual three-letter words, you would probably read it like this: The sun was hot but the old man did not get his hat. I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Frame Shift Mutations This sentence represents a gene. Each letter corresponds to a nucleotide base, and each word represents a codon. What if you shifted the three-letter "reading frame?" You would end up with T hes unw ash otb utt heo ldm and idn otg eth ish at. Or Th esu nwa sho tbu tth eol dma ndi dno tge thi sha t. I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA. By: Learn genetics

Page 5: Frame Shift Mutation Mutation that shifts the “reading” frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide. I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Copy the words below into your notebook. Ton At Red I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Add a new letter to each words Make sure the new word has a meaning. Example: once  ounce Does the word still have the same meaning with the addition of a new letter? I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

TonTone AtAte RedRead I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Page 6: Insertion An additional nucleotide is added to the DNA sequence. I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Page 7: Deletion One nucleotide is removed from the DNA sequence. I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Question How would an insertion or deletion affect protein synthesis? I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Types of gene (point) mutation Substitution Insertion Deletion I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Copy the words above into the right hand side of your note book. Stop Rat Live Copy the words above into the right hand side of your note book. I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Reverse each words Example: Rat  Tar Does the meaning change? I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

StopPots RatTar LiveEvil I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Types of Chromosomal Mutation Deletion Duplication Inversion Translocation I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Page 8: Deletion Loss of all or part of chromosome. I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Page 9: Duplication Produces a extra parts of a chromosome. I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is caused by a single mutation in the CF gene CF is the most common genetic disease in Caucasians Children with CF have digestive problems Excess of mucus in their lungs causes breathing problems CF is caused when 3 base pairs of DNA are deleted What would happen to the protein if 3 bases were deleted from the DNA sequence? =Loss of an amino acid (3 bases = a codon) I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Page 10: Inversion Reverse the direction of parts of chromosomes. I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Page 11: Translocation When part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another. I will create changes in words and sentences and explain how these changes represent mutations in DNA.

Down’s Syndrome If nondisjunction occurs, 2 copies of an autosomal chromosome failed to separate during meiosis, and the individual has 3 copies of a single chromosome = Trisomy Trisomy (tri = 3) –somy (of chromosomes) Down’s syndrome is the most common form of trisomy, it’s called Trisomy 21 3 copies of chromosome 21 Down’s Syndrome = mild to severe retardation, increased susceptibility to many diseases, higher incidence of heart defects and a higher frequency of birth defects