Grade 9 Canadian Geography Mr. Young Applied Class

Unit 7: Population Patterns Chapter Focus What is an Population Density & Population Growth? Canada’s population and age distribution How to draw a population pyramid Examine the impact of migration on population

Population It’s important to study changes in population. To see if there is an increase or decrease. To understand why the population increasing or decreasing.

Population Population Density: To Calculate Population Density: The number of people per square kilometre of an area. To Calculate Population Density: Number of People ÷ Area (in Square Kilometres) 31 000 000 000 people = 3.1 people / km² 10 000 000 km²

Countries In The World (Ranked by 2014 Population) COUNTRY POPULATION (2014) AREA (KM²) DENSITY (People / KM²) 1 CHINA 1 393 783 836 9 597 947 145 2 INDIA 1 267 401 849 3 287 265 386 3 USA 322 583 006 9 629 056 34 4 INDONESIA 252 812 245 1 904 567 133 5 BRAZIL 202 033 670 8 514 209 24 6 PAKISTAN 185 132 926 796 096 233 7 NIGERIA 178 516 904 923 766 193 Source: http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/population-by-country/

Countries In The World (Ranked by 2014 Population) COUNTRY POPULATION (2014) AREA (KM²) DENSITY (People / KM²) 8 BANGLADESH 158 512 570 143 998 1 101 9 RUSSIA (Largest Area) 142 467 651 17 076 310 10 JAPAN 126 999 808 377 873 336 37 CANADA 35 524 732 9 970 455 4 Source: http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/population-by-country/

Countries In The World (Ranked by 2014 Population) COUNTRY POPULATION (2014) AREA (KM²) DENSITY (People / KM²) 137 Western Sahara (Lowest Density) 585 646 265 961 2 167 MACAU (Highest Density & Lowest Area) 572 865 26 22 134 200 ANTIGUA & BARBUDA (Lowest Population) 90 903 442 206 Source: http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/population-by-country/

Canada’s Population

Canada’s Population Patterns People mostly lived in cities where work was easier to find. Canada has one of the largest land areas in the world but majority live in southern Canada. Only 0.3% of Canadians live in Yukon, NWT & Nunavut. Half of Canadians live in the Windsor-Quebec Corridor.

Population Growth Why is it important to know this data? Canada has steadily grown since becoming a nation in 1867. Statistic Canada estimated in 2003 that Canada’s population will be 35 million by 2021. We reach 35 million in 2014. They now predict 47.7 million people in Canada by 2036. Why is it important to know this data? How does it affect us?

Age Distribution To organize the data, people placed in different age groups. Male and Female Infants (0 to 5) Children (6 to 12) Teens (13 to 17) Adults (18 to 64) Seniors (65+)

Different Ages The age of people affects population. 3 Important Stages: Children (under age 15) Working Adults (ages 15 to 64) Older Adults (65 and up)

Population Pyramids All the population and age data is put into a pyramid graph.

Population Pyramids The stats/information can be graphed in more detail.

Population Pyramids Why does this graph look different from a typical pyramid shape?

Dependency Load The people: under the age of 15 and over the age of 65. These people are not part of the labour force (which means they do not work at a job) These people depend on others for support.

Dependency Load If a country’s dependency load is high, it place more stress on the working population. For example: People pay more taxes to meet health care needs of elderly and schooling need for the young.

Assignment: Part 1 Reading Population Pyramids Complete the handout.

Population Pyramids So what does this graph tell us about the future?

Assignment: Part 2 Making Population Pyramids Complete the Handout using pp.97 & 98 of your textbook.

Factors That Change Population

Factors That Change Population Birth / Death

Factors That Change Population Immigration / Emigration

Remember these formulas! Rates & Percentages WARNING! MATH IS INVOLVED! It is much easier to compare population stats & data with smaller numbers. Remember these formulas!

Birth Rate What matters is not the number of births but the relationship between the number of births and the size of the population.

Birth Rate Calculates the number of births per year for every 1000 people.

Birth Rate To calculate a country’s birth rate: Number of Births Per Year ÷ Population x 1000 e.g. Find Canada’s Birth Rate in 2013 Number of Births Per Year = 383,822 Canada’s 2013 Population = 35,158,300

Birth Rate To calculate a country’s birth rate: Number of Births Per Year ÷ Population x 1000 e.g. Canada’s Birth Rate in 2013 383,822 ÷ 35,158,300 = 0.01091697 0.01091697 x 1000 = 10.91697 Therefore, Canada’s birth rate is 10 per 1000 people or 1%

Death Rate Calculates the number of deaths per year for every 1000 people.

Death Rate To calculate a country’s death rate: Number of Deaths Per Year ÷ Population x 1000 e.g. Find Canada’s Death Rate in 2013 Number of Deaths = 253241 Canada’s 2013 Population = 35,158,300

Death Rate To calculate a country’s death rate: Number of Deaths Per Year ÷ Population x 1000 e.g. Canada’s Death Rate in 2013 253241 ÷ 35,158,300 = 0.00720288 0.00720288 x 1000 = 7.20288 Therefore, Canada’s death rate is 7 per 1000 people or 0.7%

So… Now what? So… we combine the birth rate and death rate to find the Natural Rate Increase Birth Rate – Death Rate = Natural Increase Rate e.g. Canada’s Natural Increase Rate in 2013 10/1000 – 7/1000 = 3/1000 Therefore, Canada’s natural increase rate is 3 per 1000 people or 0.3%

Natural Rate Increase Natural Rate Increase can be negative if the death rate is greater than the birth rate. Birth Rate – Death Rate = Natural Increase Rate e.g. Italy’s Natural Increase Rate in 2014 8/1000 – 10/1000 = - 2/1000 Therefore, Italy’s natural increase rate is - 2 per 1000 people or - 0.2% Source: http://knowledge.allianz.com/demography/population/?379/key-facts-figures-about-italys-population

Immigration vs Emigration Another reason why population changes is when people move into a country (immigrate) and leave a country (emigrate).

Immigration & Emigration Rate Calculating a country’s immigration and emigration rate is similar to calculating birth and death rates. Number of Immigration Per Year ÷ Population x 1000 Number of Emigration Per Year ÷ Population x 1000

Immigration & Emigration Rate Canada’s 2013 Immigration Rate: 7 per 1000 people or 0.7% Canada’s 2013 Emigration Rate: 5 per 1000 people or 0.5%

Net Migration Rate If we combine the two, we get the Net Migration Rate. Immigration Rate – Emigration Rate = Net Migration Rate e.g. 7/1000 – 5/1000 = 3/1000 or 3 per 1000 people or 0.3%

Population Growth Rate This is the key statistic we want! Combining both the natural increase rate and net migration rate gives you the population growth rate. Natural Increase Rate + Net Migration Rate = Population Growth Rate

Population Growth Rate Canada’s 2013 Population Growth Rate: Natural Increase Rate + Net Migration Rate = Population Growth Rate 3/1000 + 3/1000 = 6/1000 or 6 persons per 1000 people or 0.6%

Population Growth Rate Italy’s 2014 Population Growth Rate: Natural Increase Rate + Net Migration Rate = Population Growth Rate -2/1000 + 4/1000 = 2/1000 or 2 persons per 1000 people or 0.2%

Population Growth Rate Italy’s 2014 Population Growth Rate: Natural Increase Rate + Net Migration Rate = Population Growth Rate -2/1000 + 4/1000 = 2/1000 or 2 persons per 1000 people or 0.2%

Cultural Mosaic vs Melting Pot

Cultural Mosaic The mix of ethnic groups, languages and cultures that coexist within society.

Melting Pot A place where a variety of races, cultures, or individuals assimilate into a cohesive whole.

Cultural Mosaic vs Melting Pot What is the difference? Why is Canada considered a “Cultural Mosaic” and not a “Melting Pot”? Why is this important to our country’s population?

Canada – A Cultural Mosaic Canada prides itself at home and abroad as a country made up of a cultural mosaic rather than a cultural melting pot. The mosaic is based on our belief that Canada as a whole becomes stronger by having immigrants bring with them their cultural diversity for all Canadians to learn from. Quote By: Randy Levine & Gifty Serbeh-Dunn http://www.darrenduncan.net/archived_web_work/voices/voices_v1_n4/mosaic.html

Canada – A Cultural Mosaic The cultural melting pot, as adopted in the United States, tells immigrants that no matter who they have been in the past, upon landing on American shores, they are Americans and are expected to adopt and follow the American way. Quote By: Randy Levine & Gifty Serbeh-Dunn http://www.darrenduncan.net/archived_web_work/voices/voices_v1_n4/mosaic.html

Cultural Mosaic Pros People are more tolerant of other ethnics People feel more welcomed More recognition of minority groups People are allowed to practice their own culture More diverse view points

Cultural Mosaic Cons People are not very unified Differences can increase “hate crimes” Loss of or confusion of culture and identity of host country i.e. What is considered for you to be Canadian?

Melting Pot Pro People are more unified Especially in a time of crisis Provide people with skills to succeed Proud to assimilate into new environment

Melting Pot Cons People are less tolerant of other ethnics Can increase hate crimes People expected to shed their own culture Can increase protests and violence

Cultural Mosaic vs Melting Pot Do you believe Canada is a Cultural Mosaic? Or Melting Pot?