Buildings consume more than 40% of the total energy consumed in the US.

Introduction – Who am I? Environmental Project Manager – Trident Technical College Mechanical Engineer Licensed Builder South Carolina Accredited Commercial Energy Manager Building Performance Institute – Certified Building Analyst and Envelope Professional HERS – Field Inspector

Introduction History of Building Science Energy Consumed by Buildings Course Purpose/Objectives STEM principles in Building Science

Buildings Past and Present

Share of Energy Consumed by Major Sectors of the Economy, 2009 Source U. S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 2009

Course Purpose Careers as an Energy Auditor, LEED prep, and Builders Construction and retro-fit of buildings – last longer Reduce energy consumption of buildings Improve Indoor Air Quality Did you know? Appling Principles of Building Science can reduce energy consumption by 10 – 50%

Course Purpose First National Certification Offerings produced the following: 3 out of 25 passed HERS exam 5 out of 20 passed BPI exams

Course Purpose National Certifications Building Performance Institute Hers Rater Florida Gauge Rater Certified Energy Manager LEED

Course Objectives Understand the building envelope and how it relates to energy efficiency - S List and describe the modes of heat transfer and calculations – S Interpret blower door test results – T Calculate Energy consumed by appliances - E Understand operation of HVAC equipment - E Calculate the perimeter, area and volume of various shapes - M

Building Science Course Must include: Science Technology Engineering Mathematics One missing leads to ________, ________, ________.

Science Apply the 2nd law of thermodynamics: Air Heat transfer Moisture High concentrations move to low concentrations

Science Air Stack Effect Pressure Boundary Heat Modes of heat transfer Calculate heat loss/gain Thermal Boundary Moisture RH Dewpoint Latent loads

Science Heat Loss due to Air leaks Q = 1.08 x CFM x ΔT Q = 1.08 x CFM x HDD Heat Loss due to Temperature Q = U x A x (T2 – T1)

Science The Perfect Wall Air Heat Moisture Control Layers – Sample: Plywood Felt Insulation

Sample Science Questions 1. Which of the following most affects the amount of heat loss or gained through a home? A. Volume B. Perimeter C. Lateral size D. Surface Area

Sample Science Questions   2. A less than 3 Pascal positive pressure in a cool climate can create which of the following conditions? A. moisture on windows B. moisture in wall cavity C. Pilot light blows out D. combustion appliance spillage

Sample Science Questions  3. The pressure created by stack effect is greatest at which of the following locations? A. Lowest point in the building B. Highest point in the building C. At the neutral plane of the building D. At the lowest and highest points in the building

Technology How many CFL’s does it take to replace a light bulb?

Technology Blower Door - used to quantify and locate air leakage

Technology Duct Blaster - used to pressurize ducts to quantify and locate air leaks

Sample Technology Questions 4. A blower door test showed a pressure difference of 1 Pascal between the attic of a home and the inside of the home. Which of the following does this result indicate? A. House is connected to attic B. House is not connected attic C. House and attic are at the same level D. 1 Pascal pressure is too small to use

Sample Technology Questions 5. The following measurements are measured on a homes’ ductwork. Supply leakage = 200 CFM, Return leakage = 100 CFM. Then the homes’ pressure compared to outside will be which of the following? A. House is negative B. House is positive C. House pressure is equal to WRT D. Not enough information provided

Engineering Energy Calculations Efficiency = Output/Input Energy = Power x Time Conversions, example 100,000 BTU = 1 Therm Determine R and U values R values are additive, U values are not R = 1/U

Engineering HVAC Calculate Energy Cost using SEER Operation of heat pump Interpret Psychometric chart Determine Sensible and Latent loads

Engineering

Sample Engineering Questions 6. On a Psychrometric chart a vertical line shows which of the following? A. humidification B. heating C. sensible cooling D. cooling and dehumidification

Sample Engineering Questions 7. Determine the cost to heat a home for 16 hours with a gas furnace (AFUE = 0.92) that has a rating of 90,000 BTU/hr. The cost of natural gas is $1.10 per therm. A. $14.22 B. $17.25 C. $21.19 D. $50.24

Sample Engineering Questions 8. A 2000 square foot home with a ceiling height of 8 feet has 0.6 air changes per hour. Determine the airflow rate in cubic feet per minute. A. 160CFM B. 120CFM C. 100 CFM D. 143 CFM

Sample Engineering Questions 9. A 1000 square foot ceiling has 990 square feet with an R value of 38. The remaining 10 square feet has an R value of 1. Find the average U and R value. A. U = 0.036, R = 28 B. U = 0.030, R = 15 C. U = 0.020, R = 35 D. none of the above

Mathematics Algebra Use of equations Formulas Signed Numbers Geometry Apply formulas to building shapes Perimeter, Area, and Volume Trigonometry Pythagorean theorem Roof Pitch

Sample Mathematics Questions 10. A home energy analyst is required to calculate the length of rafters. If the height from the ceiling joist to the ridge beam is 8 feet and the home is 32 feet wide. Determine rafter length. A. 17.8 feet B. 16 feet C. 8 feet D. 40 feet  

Sample Mathematics Questions 11. Determine the volume of the cathedral shaped building below. Roof Pitch 4:12, Clg. Height 8ft. A. 6528 B. 8160 C. 7412 D. 7946   24 34

Conclusion Building Science course: Applying STEM subjects leads to energy efficient buildings Prepares students for national certification exams 1 semester 3.0 credit course or a 40 hour non-credit course

Typical Science Questions 1. Determine the amount of heat transfer trough a 10 x 8 foot wall section if the outside temp. is 90oF and the inside is 78oF. A. conditions outside the home B. conditions inside the home C. conditions in the combustion appliance zone D. All of the above

Typical Science Questions 2. Without changing the moisture content, heating the air will cause the RH to: A. Increase B. Decrease C. No change D. Cause condensation

Typical Science Questions 3. Primary mode of heat transfer through a wall assembly is A. Conduction B. Convection C. Radiation D. Moisture

Typical Technology Questions Which of the following occurs to the pressure within a home if the supply duct leaks air into the attic that is outside the building envelope? Pressure is neutral Pressure is negative Pressure is positive No changes in pressure

Mathematics Questions 4. On a very cold winter day, the attic temperature of an attic is 47oF and the outside temperature is -2oF. Determine the difference in temperature between the attic and the outside. A. 45oF B. 51oF C. 49oF D. 50oF