Tropical Storms Extreme Weather UK Revision. Plugging the gaps

Global Atmospheric Circulation – Worldwide system of winds that transports heat from the equator to polar regions.

What about deserts and rainforests? How does global atmospheric circulation affect weather and climate? Circulation cells, pressure belts and surface winds affect weather around the world. For example, trade winds in the tropics are responsible for driving tropical storms across these regions. What about deserts and rainforests? Cloudy and Wet in the UK The UK is close to the boundary of cold polar air moving down from the north and warm sub-tropical air moving up from the south. The boundary between these 2 air masses is unstable. Rising air cools, condenses and forms clouds and rain.

Tropical Storm formation Describe the pattern of tropical storms (4) Explain the formation of Tropical Storms (4)

Describe the pattern on this graph. Ensure you refer to it! Distribution Sea surface temperatures have increased by 0.25-0.5°C over the last few decades. As a result, tropical storms may affect areas currently outside the hazard zone. Hurricanes could become more powerful

Haiyan Primary Effects Secondary Effects 6300 killed (most drowned in the storm surge) 600,000 displaced and 40,000 homes damaged or destroyed Tacloban airport badly damaged 30,000 fishing boats destroyed Crops and power lines destroyed 400mm rain caused widespread flooding 14 million affected with many left homeless 6 million lost source of income Flooding caused landslides and blocked roads so aid was cut off to remote communities Power supplies cut for up to a month Shortages of food, water and shelter led to outbreaks of disease Looting and violence Hospitals, schools and shops destroyed affecting jobs and education

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International aid provided food, water and shelter Immediate Responses International aid provided food, water and shelter US aircraft assisted with aid delivery and search and rescue 1200 evacuation centres to help homeless French, Belgian and Israeli field hospitals set up Lashing rain and blocked roads First it was the terrible weather, with rain and strong winds hampering the relief efforts, and roads blocked with debris. Then there was also the problem of bringing staff and supplies in by plane, as the Philippine military was given priority so they could secure airports and cities such as Tacloban, but also evacuate people and wounded from the disaster areas. When commercial and private flights resumed, the airports immediately became congested with the influx of aid. Charities looked at transport options by water, but this was very slow, sometimes taking 30 or 40 hours to reach the affected areas. Fuel shortage Fuel is also a major problem. In Guiuan, in the east of Samar island, there is no fuel. Airports jammed It’s primarily to do with the logistical capacity of the small airports in the region affected by the typhoon, and the fact that they simply can’t handle much traffic. They also lack the infrastructure needed for unloading and warehousing the massive amount of cargo that needs to come in. Of course, it’s not just people and cargo trying to get in; there are also a lot of planes trying to evacuate people from the disaster zone. Long-Term Responses UN and HICs donated financial aid, supplies and medical support Rebuilding of roads, bridges and airport ‘Cash for Work’ programme to clear debris Rice farming and fishing quickly re-established NGOs, like Oxfam, supported replacement of fishing vessels Thousands of homes built away from areas at risk from flooding Cyclone shelters built to accommodate people evacuated from coastal areas

Extreme weather UK Depressions Anticyclones A depression is an area that has low atmospheric pressure. Air rising causes the formation of clouds, which brings rainfall. Depressions often move eastwards across the UK, bringing changeable weather as they travel. There are usually frontal systems associated with depressions. The diagram below shows the changing weather that the warm and cold fronts bring as they move towards the east. Anticyclones Anticyclones are areas of high pressure which form when cool air sinks. Anticyclones spin around in a clockwise direction. Anticyclones make skies clear and cause different weather in summer and winter. In summer, anticyclones bring hot, sunny weather. During winter, anticyclones cause cold weather including fog and frost.

https://www.bbc.com/education/guides/zgvjxsg/revision/2 Rainfall in UK Use link above

Early May Bank Holiday weekend heat record broken UK Extreme Weather Is weather becoming more extreme? The UK's weather is becoming more extreme. Some examples of extreme weather in the UK include: heavy rain gales floods heavy snowfall thick fog heat wave drought Early May Bank Holiday weekend heat record broken http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-44026544 The UK has enjoyed record-breaking spring sunshine, with a high of 28.7C recorded at RAF Northholt in west London by the Met Office.

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