(iceworms, rock crawlers) MANTOPHASMATODEA (African rock crawlers)

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Presentation transcript:

(iceworms, rock crawlers) MANTOPHASMATODEA (African rock crawlers) DERMAPTERA (earwigs) GRYLLOBLATTODEA (iceworms, rock crawlers) MANTOPHASMATODEA (African rock crawlers)

Embiodea(=Embioptera) Aquatic nymphs Ovipositor lost Plecoptera Terrestrial nymphs Silk glands Embiodea(=Embioptera) No silk glands Zoraptera Dermaptera prognathous head Cerci modified to forceps Cerci not modified Grylloblattodea ? Mantophasmatodea Saltatorial hind legs Orthoptera Hind legs not saltatorial Phasmatodea

Hexapod Orders Dermaptera Derma - skin, ptera - wing Number of Species >1900 Common names earwigs Typical habitats - fossorial - damp, dark Distinguishing characteristics - cerci - large forceps Other features - females show parental care

Dermaptera – Life cycle Female lays eggs in top few cm of soil Hatch in 1 week Female tends eggs & nymphs for 2 weeks Overwinter in soil Mate Mate and complete 1 more cycle

Dermaptera - Cerci

Hexapod Orders Grylloblattodea Gryllo - cricket, blatto - roach Number of Species 25 Common names Iceworms, rock crawlers Typical habitats - near melting snow, litter in alpine forests Distinguishing characteristics -multi-segmented cerci -wingless Other features -live in cold habitats -restricted to Northern Hemisphere -omnivorous

Grylloblattid - Habitat

Grylloblattid – Life cycle Female lays eggs in soil or moss Hatch in 1 month to 3 years Nymphs – 8 instars (about 7 years) Mate Females sexually mature after 1 year

Grylloblattid Distribution

Hexapod Orders Mantophasmatodea Manto - mantid, phasmato - stick insect Number of Species 8 Common names African rock crawlers, gladiators, heelwalkers Typical habitats -xeric, rocky habitat Distinguishing characteristics -wingless -enlarged arolium Other features -closest relative - Grylloblattodea -carnivores

Mantophasmatodea - Predatory adaptations Large eyes Spines on forelegs

Eggs hatch - juveniles develop in winter (wet) months Mantophasmatodea - Life cycle Eggs hatch - juveniles develop in winter (wet) months Autumn rains (May) Mating Eggs laid in egg pod -resists desiccation

Mantophasmatodea - Relationship to other orthopteroid orders Predatory adaptations (mantids) Egg cases (roaches, mantids) Wingless (grylloblattids) Prolonged mating (phasmids) Male eaten after mating (mantids) Substrate communication (stoneflies) Male much smaller than female (mantids)

Mantophasmatodea - Distribution • • • • • • • • • • • •

Mantophasmatodea - Distribution Grylloblattids Mantophasmatodea

Notoptera = Grylloblattodea Aquatic nymphs Ovipositor lost Plecoptera Terrestrial nymphs Silk glands Embiodea(=Embioptera) No silk glands Zoraptera Dermaptera prognathous head Cerci modified to forceps Cerci not modified Notoptera = Grylloblattodea + Mantophasmatodea Grylloblattodea ? Mantophasmatodea Saltatorial hind legs Orthoptera Hind legs not saltatorial Phasmatodea

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