Sawm On whiteboard What do you remember about ‘Sawm’ ? Draw a mind map, showing maximum knowledge of it. Sawm

Purpose of lesson To understand the significance and practice of Hajj

Watch the video clips and take notes of the facts

Day 1

Day 2

Day 3, 4 & 5

Specialist Terms Umrah Hajj Makkah Ihram Tawaf Sai Safa Marwa Talbiya Arafat Muzdalifah Mina Rami Jamarat Zamzam Eid al Adha

The Qur’an “And proclaim the pilgrimage to humanity. They will come to you on foot, and on every transport. They will come from every distant point……… Then let them perform their acts of cleansing, and fulfil their vows, and circle around the Ancient House.” (s22:v27,29) Hadith: ‘Hajj is the gate of paradise’. “For Hajj are the months well known. If anyone undertakes that duty therein let there be no obscenity nor wickedness nor wrangling in the Hajj. And whatever good ye, do, be sure God knoweth it.’ (s2:v197)

Scholars ‘This rite (Hajj), instituted by Abraham and revived by the Prophet of Islam, involves circumambulation around the Ka’bah, certain movements, prayers, and the sacrifice of an animal in Makkah and adjoining areas according to the norms established by the Prophet. The Hajj signifies a return both to the spiritual centre of the Islamic universe and the temporal origin of the human state itself’. (S H Nasr) ‘For many Muslims, this is the defining ritual of their lives, the ultimate visual expression of the unity of all believers and their equality in the eyes of God.’ (Mona Siddiqui)

Who has to perform Hajj? A Muslim Sufficient money (for dependents and travel) Good health (physical & mental) Obligatory once in a life time

What is the significance of the restrictions during Ihram? Whilst Muslims are on Hajj they must: Why Ihram? Wear Ihram- two white unsewn sheets Women- wear normal clothes, veils are not worn Not cut / pull out any hair from their body Refrain from sex, wearing perfumes and rings Not enter into contracts or act as witness Not kill any insect What is the significance of the restrictions during Ihram?

What happens on Hajj? Hajr-e-Aswad 1. Arrive before the first day of Hajj (7th of Dhul al hijja) in Makkah. 2. Enter the Great Mosque-Makkah and perform Tawaf- walking around the Ka’bah 7 times. Each circuit begins and ends at the line of Black Stone by kissing / touching, pointing out towards the Ka’bah, washes away sins. Hajr-e-Aswad

3. Two units of prayer are performed near Maqam e Ibrahim. Kiswah Cover 3. Two units of prayer are performed near Maqam e Ibrahim.

What happens on Hajj? 4. The special prayer is called out Talbiya (Here I am O my God. Here I am. No partner hast thou, here am I. Truly the praise and the grace are thine and the empire. No partner hast thou, here am I) It must be said over and over again.

What happens on Hajj? 5. The pilgrims leave the Mosque via Bab al Safa to perform ‘Sai’ (walking with some jogging around two hills Safa and Marwa’ 6. They return for Zohr prayer, in the Mosque Significance of the events of Hajj and advice, given on how to behave.

The major pillar of Hajj Adam and Eve met there What happens on Hajj? 7. On the 8th of the month of Hajj they go to Mina stay there in contemplation until Isha prayer then they walk by night to Arafat . The major pillar of Hajj 8. The 9th of Dhul al Hijja the most important day of the pilgrimage if you miss it you must repeat the Hajj. It is called Wuquf of Arafat, they must stand in the plain and confess for their sins to God. Between midday and sunset whilst they confess, the chief Qadi (imam) preaches a sermon.

‘Rami’, represents the condemnation of Satan. What happens on Hajj? 9. The pilgrims then walk to Muzdalifah, pick pebbles and make their way to Mina next day: They must throw the stones on the 3 pillars shouting ‘Allah Akbar’, is called ‘Rami’. Then they sacrifice to God an animal eat some of the meat / beef and give to poor. Shave the head. This the Day of Eid al Adha. ‘Rami’, represents the condemnation of Satan. 10. Rami: For the next two days they also stone the pillars and on the 12th of Dhul hijja they are allowed to abandon the ihram and the regulations of Hajj.

What happens on Hajj? 11. On the 13th back to Makkah for the Final Tawaf –the Hajj for Sunni Muslims is complete. The pilgrims then go to visit the grave of Muhammad and His mosque in Medina, but it is not part of Hajj because Hajj is worship of God only. Shi’ites go to visit the grave of Hussain (the grand son of Prophet Muhammad) in Iraq.

What are the reasons for Hajj, other than those in the Qur’an Allah commanded in the Qur’an…. Prophet Muhammad performed, so follow His footsteps Worship only Allah alone - submission Memorials of Allah’s loved ones- Religion is not something new. Sai, represents Hager’s run / walk to look for water for her baby son Ismail, Zamzam, holy water found under Ismail’s feet Arafat, where Adam and Eve met each other, confessed their sins, so as Muslims do Mina, The prophet Ibrahim, stoning at pillars to reject Satan’s temptations, sacrifice a ram represents devotion to Allah

What is the Religious Significance of Hajj? Fulfilled 5th pillar of Islam- commanded in the Qur’an Surah 22 Pilgrims have followed Prophet’s example & actions The difficult and very expensive event, to show devotion to Allah All sins forgiven, returns as a new born baby. (hadith) Everything done on Hajj has a symbolic aspect; Tawaf- angels and other creatures circumambulation of the Divine Throne (S A Ashraf) Arafat- reaching the consciousness of God, where Adam and Eve did confess Stoning the Satan- an inner urge to drive away the devil. Mina represents sacrifice which Ibrahim made, obeyed God, prepared to sacrifice his son - sacrificing himself and fulfilling the obligation of the covenant. God sent a ‘fat ram’. The Pilgrim becomes aware of the power of God to unite different races and language, a common ritual and a common brotherhood in Islam (Ummah). V W Watton

Draw Hajj route

Evaluating Hajj

Do you know? Write the definitions of these terms; Makkah, Ihram, Tawaf, Arafat, Mina, Kabah, Safa and Marwa, Rami. What is the symbolic aspect of some of the rituals above? What are the advantages and disadvantages of Hajj?

Possible exam questions Explore the significance of Hajj. [8] ‘The practice of the Five pillars of Islam is the complete way to life for a Muslim.’ Evaluate. [30]