Unit 3- Promoting health Government Initiatives K. Nichols 2013

REVIEW What are the 6 facets of the wellness wheel (hint: POISES) What worldly views are their on health and their basic concepts? PHYSICAL, OCCUPATIONAL, INTELLECTUAL, SPIRITUAL, EMOTIONAL, SOCIAL EASTERN: Hollistic everything in balance WESTERN: Negative expression and positive expression K. Nichols 2013

REVIEW PERSONAL PERSPECTIVIES Positive definitions of health Negative definitions of health LAY PERSPECTIVIES (way in which people view their health) Fig. 3.2 on page 108 K. Nichols 2013

What is illness and disease? Disease (desaise) term originally meant discomfort whilst Illness is used to describe a condition that causes harm or pain. Illness is a subjective state, a person may experience a range of symptoms but tests may not be able to identify a cause. Ex: Myalgic encephalopathy (ME) has symptoms such as painful muscles and joints, fatigue, gastric disturbances and poor memory. However medical testing may not be able to confirm the condition or identify a cause for the symptoms K. Nichols 2013

BIOMEDICAL MODEL OF HEALTH Understanding how diseases arise & emphasize risk factors Scientific methods highly valued Quantitative evidence is given higher value then qualitative evidence Biological science forms the basis of explaining disease and illness High value on specialist medical services Health services geared towards treating the sick Health is the absence of disease Doctors/experts diagnose and agree treatment K. Nichols 2013

Biomedical model of health This model is the most frequent used by health care professionals in the UK. The cure is focused upon (normal vs un-normal) Highly effective for acute or short term illness Also effective against with chronic illness (managed vs. cured), such as ME, Parkinsons, maternity care. What kind of prevention is this? K. Nichols 2013

Mortality rates Look at page 109 at the mortality graph What year had the lowest mortality rate When was the NHS introduced? Is the NHS solely responsible? What other factors may have lead to a decrease in mortalities? K. Nichols 2013

Social Model of health Social Conditions that make ill health are more prevalent in some groups than others Health differences between individuals and social groups are the result of complex mixture of behavioral, structural, material & cultural factors. Ex: damp housing= childhood asthma so those living in the house will address the issue Ex: parental smoking=harmful 2nd hand smoke to children is addressed by health practitioners K. Nichols 2013

National Policies & Targets Does legislation at the national level promote health? Why or why not? K. Nichols 2013

Health promoting activity at the national level includes: Factory acts of 19th century limits hours worked by children, men and women Required towns to take steps to improve sanitary conditions Clean Air acts 1950 (reduced city smogs) pollution https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vbtp2B-IFmw Water (Fluoridation) Act 1985 enabled health aurotiries to have water companies add fluroide to drinking water and cut dental decay K. Nichols 2013

Areas for improvement at the national level Its known that tobacco kills more people then soft and hard drugs which the media covers widely, yet it can be bought over the counter and smoked legally? In 2004 the white paper Choosing Health was downplayed from a total ban of smoking in public areas to a partial ban in pubs and clubs by the government of the day. K. Nichols 2013

NHS The first National Health Strategy was published in 1992. It initiated action at 3 levels: Through the Department of health (role was in ill-health care) Through the individual Through a range of national health targets K. Nichols 2013

Acheson report on healthcare inequalities This report was to inquire about the inequalities in health the 3 crucial areas were: All policies that evaluate the impact on health also need to evaluate the impact on health inequality High priority given to families with children Steps taken to reduce income inequalities and improve standards of living for poor K. Nichols 2013

1997 Health strategy targets Cancer- reduce death rate in under 75’s by 20% Coronary heart disease/stroke- reduce death rate in under 75’s by 40% Accidents- reduce death rate by 20% and serious injury by 10% Mental illness- reduce death rate from suicide and injury by 20% K. Nichols 2013

Legislations Take the handout sheet and collect information from your booklet to fill in all the legislation sections. In partners you must rotate around the tables each one dedicated to a different piece of legislation. Partner A must fill in the worksheet (you will take these with you to each table) Partner B must come up with a small summary of the purpose of the legislation and its basic features. (you will leave the summary sheet on the table) K. Nichols 2013

SUMMAR OF SECTION A01 HEALTH Social Model Biomedical Model Positive Definitions of health Negative Definitions of health Lay Perspectives Health of the Nation (1992) Saving Lives (1997) Acheson Report (1998) NHS Plan (2000) Choosing Health (2004) Community Health Improvement Plan Social Model Biomedical Model Models of Health Local Strategy Personal Perspectives National health Policy HEALTH K. Nichols 2013