RNA - ribonukleiinhape

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Presentation transcript:

RNA - ribonukleiinhape Koosatas Kersti Veskimets RNA on polümeer, mille monomeerideks on ribonukleotiidid http://www.uic.edu/classes/phys/phys461/phys450/ANJUM04/RNA_sstrand.jpg

Joonista üks nukleotiid! Fosfaatrühm Lämmastikalus riboos http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/local/projects/burgoine/nucleotide.jpg

RNA on peamiselt üheahelaline. RNA-s on lämmastikalused: A, U, C, G. Komplementaarsus: A = U C = G http://www.mathcell.ru/pic/en/rna.gif

Mis on ribonukleotiidi ja desoksüribonukleotiidi erinevus?

RNA sünteesitakse rakutuumas selleks, et viia info tuumast välja ribosoomidesse..

Transkriptsioon Translatsioon Vaata mõlemat: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jqx4Y0OjWW4&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TfYf_rPWUdY http://www.mysciencebox.org/files/images/Transcription%20translation.gif

Kõikides rakkudes on 3 RNA tüüpi: 1. Informatsiooni-RNA (mRNA)- toob ühe geeni info rakutuumast välja ribosoomi. Ribosoomides toimub valgusüntees. Ribosoomid on membraanidel. Vaata RNA molekulide sünteesi ja liikumist: http://www.johnkyrk.com, sealt CELL FUNCTION OVERVIEW Splaissimine liiga keerukalt

2. Transport-RNA ( tRNA) – toob aminohapped ribosoomi aminohape tRNA on alati ühesuguse kujuga. Joonista üks tRNA! http://www.nih.gov/sigs/rna/2tra_trn.gif antikoodon http://biology.kenyon.edu/courses/biol114/Chap05/trna-1.gif

3. Ribosoomi-RNA (rRNA) – moodustab ribosoomi (on ribosoomi ehitusmaterjal) Seega rRNA on valgusünteesi toimumise keskkonnaks (töötab nagu ensüüm). Raku joonistel on ribosoomid vaid väga väikeste täppidena. http://www-tc.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/photo51/images/pict-2001ribosome.jpg

Ribosoom koosneb lisaks rRNA-le ka valkudest Kõige lihtsam kujutis ribosoomist: http://library.thinkquest.org/04apr/00217/images/content/ribosome.jpg

Ribosoomis toimub valgusüntees. Osa võtavad mRNA, tRNA ja rRNA Ribosoomis toimub valgusüntees. Osa võtavad mRNA, tRNA ja rRNA. Ehitusmaterjaliks on aminohapped. Vaata uut animatsiooni: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHM4UUVHPQM Ribosoom http://www.biologie.redio.de/ribosome.jpg

tRNAd toovad aminohappeid vastavalt mRNA-s sisalduvale eeskirjale Aminohape Kasvav valgumolekul http://gel.ym.edu.tw/~ycl6/sc2005/images/translation.gif

Nii see käib: jälgi liikumist! Mis on värvilised kujundid? Mis on mustad tagurpidi T-d? Mis on värvilised tähed? Mis on valge ovaal? Mis on pikk riba koos värviliste tähtedega?

Valgusüntees http://library.thinkquest.org/ C0123260/basic%20knowledge/images/basic %20knowledge/RNA/translation%20steps.jpg

RNA (kõikide ühine) tähtsus: Realiseerib päriliku info ehk valmistab valgud. DNA tähtsus: Säilitab päriliku info ja paljundab seda rakust rakku.

Küsimusi kordamiseks 1. Millised on DNA ja RNA sarnasused? 2. Kas me sööme DNA-d, kui me sööme muna? porgandit? saia? 3. Mis juhtub ärasöödud DNA-ga? 4. Kas silmavärvust määrav geen on lihasrakus? 5. Kas testosterooni määrav geen on kopsurakus? 6. Kui meie kehas on 10 astmes 14 rakku, mitu meetrit DNA-d on meis summaarselt? 7. Mis muutub, kui DNA molekulis on viga? 8. Kas taimerakus on DNA molekulis samad nuleotiidid - A, T, G, C ?