Physical/Chemical Properties and Changes

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Presentation transcript:

Physical/Chemical Properties and Changes

Physical properties - Conditions that can be seen without changing the substance’s make-up (composition)

Chemical property – the ability of a substance to undergo a change that will transform it into a completely new substance Will the substance react or not?

Physical Change – a change in properties that do not alter the make-up May change appearance Physical changes involve gaining or releasing energy

Chemical change: when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties Energy either taken in or given off

Physical The composition does not change Matter stays the same! Chemical The composition of the matter always changes = Chemical reaction! REACTANTS TURN INTO PRODUCTS! VS. Physical The composition does not change Matter stays the same!

Indicators of Chemical Changes 1. A solid precipitate forms from mixing solutions

Indicators of Chemical Changes 2. Heat or light is produced or consumed

Indicators of Chemical Changes 3. Gas is produced

Indicators of Chemical Changes 4. Color change

Density – A Physical Property Density – ratio of the mass of an object to its volume

Density Density can be used to identify a substance

Density Triangle Density can be used to find mass or volume… Units: g/mL or g/cm3 **1 mL = 1 cm3

Density Calculations A piece of plastic has a mass of 1.55 g and has a volume of 1.3 cm3. What is the density of this plastic?

Water Displacement water displacement is used to measure the volume of an irregular solid

Water Displacement PROBLEM: A medallion has a mass of 55.64 g. A graduated cylinder is filled to a volume of 75.2 mL and when the medallion is placed in the cylinder, the water volume rises to 77.8 mL. What is the density and is this medallion platinum (d = 21.4 g/cm3) or silver (d = 10.5 g/cm3)?

Using Density in Calculations PROBLEM: Mercury has a density of 13.6 g/mL. What volume of mercury must be taken to obtain 225 g of the metal?

Using Density in Calculations PROBLEM: Magnesium’s density is 1.74 g/cm3. What mass of magnesium would have a volume of 15.0 cm3?

Density Graphs Mass vs. volume graphs Should be straight line! Slope of line = density Slope = rise/run