First three slides are from Google maps - Personalize them to whichever school you are teaching. This is an example of an earth observation satellite. Kind of scary that they can see you right? Students may say that it’s still to far away to see anything

What about now?

What about now?

Electronic devices that are placed in the earth’s orbit. Satellites Electronic devices that are placed in the earth’s orbit. Basic definition of a satellite - They are keep in orbit by the earths gravitational force. There are different types of orbits

Stay in place by the earth’s gravitational forces Satellites Stay in place by the earth’s gravitational forces Some satellites orbit close to the earth, other’s very far from the earth. The ones close to the earth circle the earth many times a day and can often be scene at night, they look like stars that move across the sky. The ones that orbit far away are called “geo stationary” because they follow the earths orbit exactly, rotating once every 24 hours.

Thousands currently in orbit. Satellites Thousands currently in orbit. There are lots of satellites in orbit

Artist rendition of space traffic, satellites are not drawn to scale because if they were you wouldn’t see them.

Lots of satellites. Any interesting observations about this Lots of satellites. Any interesting observations about this? (notice some of them appear to form a ring, those are the ones in geostationary orbit.)

Types of Satellites There are a variety of satellites, let’s talk about some of the most common ones

Types of Satellites – Space Sciences Observe stars and galaxies “Hubble's orbit outside the distortion of Earth's atmosphere allows it to take extremely sharp images with almost no background light. Hubble's Ultra-Deep Field image, for instance, is the most detailed visible-light image ever made of the universe's most distant objects. Low earth orbit – just needs to be outside the atmosphere” - Wikipedia

This picture was taken by the hubble. http://hubblesite.org/gallery/behind_the_pictures/meaning_of_color/ The final image is a combination of all the different filtered images – much of it is in the non-visible range.

Types of Satellites – Earth Observation Image the earth / map the world Earth imaging satellites work the best if they are as close to the earth as possible – low earth orbit. So these are the types of satellites that orbit close to the earth

Types of Satellites – Communication Telephone, internet, T.V., and data services Communication satellites are in geostationary orbit because we communicate with them using satellite dishes / antennas. Having them always in the same place let’s us know where to point our satellite dish / antenna. Provide telephone, internet, T.V. and data services

Once again, look at that ring, those are all communication satellites.

Geosyrchonous orbit over swiss alps video Geosyrchonous orbit over swiss alps video. The stars that don’t move are actually satellites in geosynchronous orbit.

Types of Satellites Meteorological Monitor weather and climate change A couple other common satellites. Meteorological Monitor weather and climate change GPS Provide worldwide navigation for airplanes, ships, and cars

This is a communication satellite that is built, and ready to be launched. http://www.space.com/15514-photos-air-force-rocket-launch-aehf2-satellite.html 9

encapsulation The second Advanced Extremely High Frequency satellite, AEHF 2, is prepared for launch atop a United Launch Alliance Atlas 5 rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. Liftoff set for May 3, 2012 9

You see that tip of the rocket was the satellite. The Advanced Extremely High Frequency 2 satellite, AEHF 2, is shown encapsulated in its nose cone fairing just before being mated to its Atlas 5 rocket ahead of a May 2012 launch from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. 9

Putting the satellite onto the launch vehicle. 9

Attaching satellite to launch vehicle 9

Bringing it to the launch pad 9

Satellites range in size from 100 pounds to 47,000 pounds It takes a large rocket (10-20 stories high) to launch many satellites Many satellites are larger than a schol bus 9

There it goes 9

Once out of the earths atmosphere the satellite detaches from the rocket. The solar panels unravel like a transformer. 9

Key Parts of a Satellite Let’s talk about how satellites are designed. Since they are very complicated, they are broken down into groups called subsystems. These subsystems are integrated together with the satellite structure to create a “satellite bus”

Key Parts of a Satellite Power Satellites are powered by solar energy from the sun Batteries inside the satellite are charged by the solar power for use when on the dark side of the earth All satellite functions are powered by solar arrays/batteries, except for orbit adjustment

Key Parts of a Satellite Propulsion Keeps the satellite facing the correct direction. Moves the satellite into orbit. Propulsion does the work, but attitude control makes the decisions.

Key Parts of a Satellite Thermal Make sure the satellite is prepared for the harsh space climate. Satellites are closer to the sun and do not have the earths atmosphere to filter out the sun radiation. Thus they will get very hot and stop working if the thermal engineers do not do their job. Those gold blankets you can see in the image. Like a jacket you wear when you’re cold. Heaters and blankets are the two main elements of the thermal control systems : +200C to -200C.

Key Parts of a Satellite Payload Communications: Send and receive signals with people on earth. Navigation: GPS Weather: It’s what you see on the news. We need to have access to all the things the satellite is doing, and we do that by communicating to it. CDH, communications is the payload. Payload and bus. This could be called payload.

Who Builds Satellites? Lockheed Martin – Sunnyvale, California Boeing - USA Space Systems/Loral - USA Astrium Satellites – Europe Orbital Satellites – USA British Aerospace – Europe Astro - Europe 31 K1231

Satellite Company Project 32 K1231

Satellite Company Project Groups of four 33 K1231

Satellite Company Project Groups of four Each company has four engineering systems: Power Propulsion Thermal Communication 34 K1231

Satellite Company Project Groups of four Each company has four engineering systems: Power Propulsion Thermal Communication Each student must become the lead engineer of one of the systems. -As the lead engineer, students must make two design decisions for their system. 35 K1231

Satellite Company Project Groups of four Each company has four engineering systems: Power Propulsion Thermal Communication Each student must become the lead engineer of one of the systems. As the lead engineer, students must make two design decisions for their system. Each satellite company must create a poster that highlights at least one design decision from each system. - You will receive a rubric that will describe what is required on the poster. 36 K1231

Satellite Company Project Guided Practice - Example MASS PROPERTIES Background Information: You are are responsible for determining the mass of the satellite, which is critical for selecting the proper launch vehicle and thruster sizing. The equation for mass is m = dv, where m is mass, d is density, and v is volume. The volume of the satellite’s frame is 5in^3. Level 1 Design Decision If the frame is built using aluminum, which has a density of 167lb/in^3, how much is it going to weight? Level 2 Design Decision The weight of the satellite frame cannot be greater than 500lbs. What is the maximum density we can use? Let’s all take on the role of the mass properties engineer. They are responsible for figuring out the size of the satellite, and then choosing the proper rocket (launch vehicle) to get the satellite into outer space. 37 K1231