Department of Sericulture UZI FLY Dr. Mahesha H B Associate Professor Department of Sericulture Yuvaraja’s College University of Mysore, Mysuru, India 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

An organism that is considered a nuisance to man. Major: Uzi Fly Pest: A general term for organisms (Insects etc.,) which may cause illness or damage or consume food crops and other materials important to humans. An organism that is considered a nuisance to man. Major: Uzi Fly Minor: Dermested Beetle 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

The extent of damage ranges from 10-30 percent. UZI FLY Exorista bombysis Order: Diptera Family: Tachinidae The incidence of this fly is very high in the topical Sericultural region, Viz. Bangladesh, Southern parts of China, India, Thailand and Viet Nam. The extent of damage ranges from 10-30 percent. 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

LIFE CYCLE Adults are Blackish gray Male - 12mm Female - 10mm Head - triangular Thorax dorsal side -four longitudinal black bands The abdomen is conical Lays 300-1,000 eggs in 9-25 days. Size 0.45 - 0.56 x 0.25 – 0.3 mm, Creamy white, oblong, Hatches in 2-5 days. EGG ADULT LIFE CYCLE PUPA Oblong, Light reddish brown to dark reddish brown . Oval anteriorly & round posteriorly. Measuring 0.9-1.2 cm x 0.4-0.6 cm. Adults emerge in about 10-12 days. MAGGOT Three instars, yellowish white 1.3 -1.6 cm & 11 segments. In 5-8 days emerges 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

OVIPOSITING ADULT UZI FLY 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

UZI EGG ON SILKWORM BODY 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

SILKWORMS BEARING BLACK UZI SCARS 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

MAGGOT EMERGENCE FROM HOST BODY 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

MAGGOT EMERGENCE FROM COCOON 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

DAMAGE UZI PIERCED COCOONS 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

PREVENTION AND CONTROL PHYSICAL METHOD 1. Providing wire mesh in the doors and windows of the rearing rooms or mosquito net curtains around the rearing stands. Rearing House with wire mesh on windows Rearing House with wire mesh on windows and doors 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

Creation of an ANTICHAMBER at the entry of rearing room. Rearing House with Antichamber (Front view) Rearing House with Antichamber (Side view) 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

2. Another physical barrier can be created between the uzifly and the silkworm by dusting levigated china clay on the body of the silkworm during mounting which prevents the oviposition by the fly. Dose 3-4 g per 100 spinning larvae. 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

3. Uzi Trap Dissolve one table in 1 litre of water and keep the solution in white trays both inside and out side the rearing house at window base from 3rd instar onwards up to spinning. Place uzi traps inside the rearing house/mounting hall after spinning up to 20 days under close-door condition to trap uzi flies emerging inside. 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

CHEMICAL METHOD 1. Uzicide i.e., 1 % Benzoic acid has been developed in India which kills the eggs of the uzifly when applied within 48h of egg laying. Treatment repeated on alternate days. The dosage is 7-8 m1/sq.ft. area. 2. Spray of 3 % phenol kills the eggs of uzifly. Dusting of diflubenzuron @ 2.5 %, with levigated china clay as diluent on maggots/pupae give rise to sterile adults. Spraying 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

BIOLOGICAL METHOD Practically every crops pest has its natural enemies in the form of parasites, predators and disease causing organisms. Control of uzi fly through biological means use of hyperparasitoids. Parasite: An organism which lives in or on another organism (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the other's expense Hyperparasitoid: Parasitic during the larval stage of its life cycle but becomes free-living when adult 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

Exorista philippinensis Encyrtidae A number of parasitoids parasitizing on uzifly have been identified as follows: Sl. No. Name Family Nature Status 1 Nesolynx thymus Eulophide Ecto-Pupal parasitoid Gregarious 2 Trichopria spp. Diapriidae Endo-Larval-Pupal 3 Exorista philippinensis Encyrtidae 4 Dirhinus himalayanus Chalcididae Ecto- Pupal Solitary 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

Spilomicrus karnatakensis Diapriidae Sl. No. Name Family Nature Status 5 Brachymeria lugubris Chalcididae Ecto- Pupal parasitoid Solitary 6 Spilomicrus karnatakensis Diapriidae 7 Spalangia cameroni Ptermalidae Ecto-Larval pupal 8 Pachycrepoideus vindimmae Pteromalidae Gregarious Parasitizing adult Empty Puparium Parasitizing adult 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

Acknowledgements to 1. Internet 2. Hand book on pest and disease control of Mulberry and Silkworm, United Nations, Thailand 1990. 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

Department of Sericulture Cocoon Markets Dr. Mahesha H B Associate Professor Department of Sericulture Yuvaraja’s College University of Mysore, Mysuru, India. 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

Market is a regular gathering of people for the purchase and sale of provisions, livestock, and other commodities. A Cocoon market is a place where the buyers and sellers are required to transact Cocoons by open auction under the regulations of law. 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

Karnataka state is producing as much as 43% of the total quantity of silk. Types of Cocoons: 1. Multivoltine-Pure Mysore, C.nichi etc… 2. Bivoltine- NB4D2, CSR 2, CSR4 3. Cross breed- MV x MV - Pure Mysore x C. nichi MV x BV - Pure Mysore x CSR2 / NB4D2 BV x BV - CSR2 x NB4D2, CSR2 x CSR4 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

EARLY METHOD OF TRANSACTION During the early 20th century in the absence of regulated markets innocent rearers had to sell his Cocoons in the “Private Markets”. The Modus operandi: The private market operators were collecting information, visiting the rearers at the time of mounting, made an oral agreement to purchase Cocoons, and pay an advance loan. Thus forcing them to bring the Cocoons only to them. Once the farmer came to these markets, he was at the mercy of the buyers i.e., bargain for price, no open auction and faulty balances. Also, he will get the money with difficulty after many visits. The Cocoons thus purchased from rearer was in turn sold to the reelers / seed preparers at an exorbitant Price. 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

NEED FOR REGULATED COCOON MARKETS In the interest of both the seller and buyer the state Govt. of Karnataka established Cocoon markets under the law. When the Cocoon markets were promulgated by law in the early 1970s the reelers challenged it before the Supreme Court. However, the Court upheld the validity of the law and the Cocoon markets have come to stay since 1973. Thus the Cocoon markets are established to serve the following functions: 1. To provide a convenient meeting place for buyer and seller. 2. To announce publicly the prevailing market rates for raw silk in the silk exchanges. 3. To provide an incentive for sorting of cocoons and marketing them at rates corresponding to the quality. 4. To encourage Cash transaction, correct weighment and fair dealing. 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

COCOON MARKETS IN KARNATAKA The markets are of two types: 1 COCOON MARKETS IN KARNATAKA The markets are of two types: 1. Seed area markets: a. Multivoltine seed area markets. b. Bivoltine area seed markets. a. Multivoltine Seed area Markets: The transaction is in between the Seed rearers and seed producers of private and government sector. There are 8 markets in this seed area. Eg., Kunigal, Magadi etc., b. Bivoltine Seed Area Markets: Here the transaction of Bivoltine seed Cocoons take place between the seed rearers and LSP's and government organizations. Eg., Attibele & Anekal. 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

2. Commercial Area Markets: In these markets the Cocoons used for reeling purpose are transacted. These are classified as the Class I and Class II based on the Quantity of Cocoons transacted. Eg., They are Kolar, Ramanagara, Kollegala, etc., 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

The Mysore silkworm disease control Act 1943. The salient features of the “THE KARNATAKA SILKWORM SEED, COCOON AND SILK YARN (REGULATION OF PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION, SUPPLY AND SALE) ACT 1959” It is obligatory, to ensure supply of DFLs, to provide facilities for training and to ensure fair trade of reeling cocoons and silk yarns. The Mysore silkworm disease control Act 1943. The Mysore Silkworm seed (control and Distribution) Act 1952. The Mysore Silkworm seed and cocoon (Regulation of Production, supply and Distribution) Act 1959. Later these Acts, mended as The Karnataka Silkworm seed, Cocoon and yarn (Regulation of Production, Supply, Distribution and sale) Act 1959. 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

1. This act extends to the whole of the Karnataka State. The salient features continued 1. This act extends to the whole of the Karnataka State. 2. Regulates transactions relating to sale / purchase of cocoons for reeling/seed. 3. Provision for the constitution of Market Committee. 4. Allowed to establishment of development and price stabilization fund. 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

Regular Procedure of Transaction 1. Both farmer and reeler should have license issued by Dept. of sericulture, Govt. of Karnataka, to transact cocoons. 2. Cocoons produced by any licensed rearer should be transacted only at Govt. Cocoon markets. 3. First the Cocoons brought by the farmer to the Cocoon market, issued a bidding slip in a triplet. After auctioning in the triplet one will be issued for reeler or LSPs one is issued to rearer, one is kept by the marketing officer. 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

4. Cocoons are kept on stands provided for auctioning. 5. Immature cocoon lots will be rejected by the department Personnel. 6. Department personnel will inspect each lot for quality and fix base price on visual examination. 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

Regular Procedure of Transaction continued 7. Reelers or LSPs will start bidding in presence of market officials and rearer. Recently some Class I Cocoon Markets have adopted e-auctioning to provide more transparency in transaction. 8. The highest bidder will have to take the approval of rearer of that lot, in presence of market officials and put their respective consent signature. 9. In case the farmer is not satisfied with the price offered he can opt for second auctioning. 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

Regular Procedure of Transaction continued 10. If the both parties agree, the cocoons, will be weighed in presence of reeler and farmer. 11. The reelers has to deposit in cash the total amount incurred for cocoons purchased and 1% market fee on total transaction. 12. The rearer in turn gets the money from specified counters in the market, the officials pay to the rearer by deducting 1% market fee on total transaction. 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com

Thank You 13 November 2018 www.hbmahesh.weebly.com