Energy Action Conference 29-09-2014 Presenter: Richard Sherlock

What is fuel Poverty? Fuel Poverty is the interaction between low income, expenditure prioritisation, fuel prices, high expenditure on uneconomic fuels, poor insulation, inefficient heating methods and low capital expenditure on the building. Source: SEAI 2002 What can we solve

What can a heat pump do? A heat pump: Can reduce heating Costs Is an efficient heating system/Method. Thus a heat pump can reduce the need for income prioritisation by reducing fuel costs and reduce the “Heat or Eat” Dilemma. Examples later will show the difference.

Legislation Market Drivers for Heating Current Legislation is driving: Primary Energy Reduction Carbon Reduction For social Housing this has some implications. “Energy Efficient measures and Running cost reductions are not mutually exclusive” Seen through new building regulations and new EN Standards for energy efficiency, It is not feasible to proceed without tending properly to the existing ousing stock, nowhere is this challenge more relevant than in the social housing sector

Running cost and access to fuel must be equal to energy efficiency for social housing Running cost must be a primary consideration as is access to fuel in viable quantities, fuels which must be bought in bulk are not suitable for social housing.

There is also an inequity between Rural and Urban in the fuel allowance. Lets see where these come together on an Energy efficient Vs Cost basis with a comparison of oil and gas in a retrofit situation

Rural Vs Urban – Retrofit Situation Rural - Oil Urban Gas New Install 90% Eff Oil boiler Cost per Litre: €0.98 Cost per Kwh Delivered: 10.75 Cent Assuming SPF 3:1 Saving Day Rate Cost: €0.067 48% Night Rate cost: €0.034 68% 58% Average Saving New Install 90% Eff Gas boiler Cost per Kwh: €0.06 Cost per Kwh Delivered: €0.067 Assuming SPF 3:1 Saving Day Rate Cost: €0.067 0% Night Rate cost: €0.034 50% 25% Average Saving To demonstrate I will take a simple Urban and Rural situation, Both systems are equal in efficiency thus deemed to be equal in primary energy efficiency. Each household receives €20 per week in fuel allowance. For electricity we are using the highest rates on the market using pre pay meters rather than post pay biiling, this in effect will give a worst case for the heat pump, But are the systems equal, Oil is 60% dearer than gas in this situation, with the caveat that gas carries a line rental of circa €105 per year, In a standard house this is still cheaper than oil.

Benefits of Electrical heating Access to small quantities is possible, no fuel can be purchased in smaller quantities Electrical heating through heat pumps is cheaper than traditional fossil fuels Fuel subsidy can be administered through electrical allowance Reduction in service costs for some housing providers. No Onsite Carbon Monoxide production No travel required to access fuel Cleaner than a traditional oil system

Case Study: Longford County Council Installed and monitored for over two years, monitoring is ongoing

Cost and Scope of Upgrades to Semi Detached House Pumped Cavity Insulation Multi Fuel Stove – Room heat only 150Ltr Stainless Steel Cylinder 300mm Attic Insulation Heating controls with Dedicated DHW zone Aluminium Radiator upgrade 6Kw Daikin Air Source Heat Pump “Typical upgrade cost is <€11,000 for the complete works” Cost and Scope of Upgrades to Semi Detached House

Results of the upgrade works Running costs reduced – Analysis later A more comfortable living environment for the occupant Energy Rating Improvement Before Energy Value = 496.31 Kwhm2 G After Energy Value = 171.69 Kwhm2 C1 “With recent changes in materials a B3 house is now achievable at the same costs”

Tenant Reviews Air to Water Heat Pumps   Hot Water Included Bill includes normal Household applicances e.g. electric cooker,washing machine etc Management of Heat by Tenant Stove Available (No back Bolier) Maintenance Costs to Tenant / LTC House Address House Type Standard ESB Charge (Bi-Monthly) Average cost of ESB Bill (Bi-Monthly) Average Cost per day (Based on 60 days) Average Temp of House Average Cost of Solid Fuel Comments No.4 Athlone Road Two bed semi-detached OPD bungalow €35 €200-€225 €3.33-€3.75 Yes 23-24oC Room Stats (Heat available 24/7) €3.50/week None Tenants are delighted with new heating system No.8 St. Emers €160-€180 €2.66-€3.00 20-23oC Ran on a timer clock (6-8 Hrs a day) €7 /week Tenant is delighted with new heating system No.45 Templemichael Tce.  Three bed terrace two storey  €210-€250 €3.50-€4.16 21-23oC Don’t use stove No.40 Great Water St  Two bed terrace two storey €0-€60 * €0-€1 per day Unknown In Hot water mode. Manually turned on when required (3-4 Hrs /day) €7/week * €70 free ESB per bill Houses are circa 50-90m2 in size, this is reflected in the running costs. Houses are kept above average temperature despite the presence of thermostats, this is tenant choice. Each house is running for circa 3 euro per day in the winter period

Running Costs Analysed Winter Running Costs The 12-3-13 was the coldest day of the year with a average outside air temperature of 1.5°C and a weekly average of 3.7°C, with a peak of 7.2°C during the day and low of –3.5°C at night. On this day the heating system used 19kWh(€3.23), and the weeks consumption was 129.3kWh(€22). Cibse’s guide on heating season 32 weeks x 7 days x 8 hours x load 32 x 7 x 8 x 2.48 = 4,444 kWh DHW 4000 kWh Recorded Heating & DHW use Input Power Compressor 4,058 kWh Cost @€0.17 €690 Input Power Emersion 151 kWh Total Cost @€0.17 €716 Summer Running Costs On the day of the council site visit 24-7-13 the outside air temperature averaged 19.9°C, the heating system used 3kWh(€0.51) in hot water mode, and the weeks consumption was 27.8kWh(€4.73). The assumption would be that it uses 50cent a day to keep the DHW at 48°C and every Saturday morning it brings the tank to 60°C for a disinfection cycle.

Yearly Indoor vs External Temperature

Internal v’s External Environment on the coldest week The heating system created a comfortable living space on the coldest week of this year(10-3-13 to 17-3-13), with an average indoor temperature of 21.3°C and 38.2% RH. Compared to an average outdoor of 3.6°C and 78.6% over this winter period in Longford. Internal Temperature External Temperature External Humidity Internal Humidity

Wicklow County Council – Bungalow / New Build Installed 2014

Kerry County Council Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

Questions