THE CIVIL WAR ________-________ Union vs __________

Union Leaders

Abraham Lincoln _________ of the US during the Civil War who insisted that the Union be ____________________, by force if necessary.

Ulysses Grant Union military commander, who won victories over the South after several Union commanders had _____________

Frederick Douglass He urged Lincoln to recruit ______________________to fight in the Union army.

Confederate Leaders

Jefferson Davis ___________ of the Confederate States of America

Robert E. Lee Confederate general of the Army of ___________ VA. Opposed secession, but did not believe the Union should be held together ______________

Union Advantages

Larger Population More troops

More factories More supplies (guns, railroads,weapons)

Confederate Advantages

Military Colleges in South ___________Generals Fighting for “freedom” (________ will to win)

Battles and Their Results

Fort Sumter Charleston Harbor (SC) __________ confrontation of the Civil War

Bull Run (Manassas) Northern VA Demonstrated that war would __________________quickly Southern victory

Antietam / Sharpsburg This Union victory led to the issuance of the ____________________ Bloodiest battle of war

Emancipation Proclamation Issued by Lincoln after Antietam Freed those slaves located in “rebelling states” (_____________ Southern states) Made the _________________ of slavery a Northern war aim Discouraged any interference by foreign governments

Gettysburg Union victory and ________________of the war. Lincoln dedicated a national cemetery here and gave the “Gettysburg Address.”

Gettysburg Address “Four _______ and seven years ago…” Lincoln described the Civil War as a struggle to preserve a nation that was dedicated to the proposition that “all men are created ________” and that was ruled by a government “of the people, by the people and for the people.” Lincoln believed America was “one nation,” not a collection of sovereign states while the South believed that states had freely joined the Union and could freely leave.

Sherman’s march to the sea Gen. Sherman led a march through the ___________ He burned every city and farm he passed through Wanted to _____________the Southern economy

_________, 1865 Richmond falls to Union General Grant

Appomattox Court House April 9, 1865 ____________surrenders to Grant Lee urged southerners to ____________ defeat

And once the war was over. . .

Economic and Social Impact of War

Over $____ billion spent ______of the wealth of the South destroyed Economic cost Over $____ billion spent ______of the wealth of the South destroyed

Northern economy grew ____% Industries increased production to create material for war North and Midwest emerged with strong and __________________ industrial economies

Northern economy grew 50% Set the stage for the emergence of the US as a global power by the beginning of the _______th century. Completion of the transcontinental railroad intensified the __________________________of settlers into the states between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean

South left embittered and devastated by war. Farms, railroads, factories destroyed Agricultural labor system destroyed Many ________________ (former slaves) migrated north and west Disorganized society

South left embittered and devastated by war. Shortage of food, shelter and jobs Richmond and __________ in ruins Will remain a backward, agriculture-based economy and the_____________section of the nation for many decades

Political Results Established power of _____________________Party Strengthened concept of “union” North dominated government Led to emergence of powerful Democratic Party in South (the “______________________”)

Reconstruction

Reconstruction 1865-1877 Re-building of the South after the Civil War Process of re-admitting _________________ states back into the United States

Lincoln’s Plan Pardon all Southerners who swear ____________ to the Union Confederate leaders and war criminals arrested for treason

Lincoln’s Plan Once ______% of voting population did so, the States could form ____________and send representatives to Congress

Lincoln Assassinated April ______, 1865 Lincoln is shot by John Wilkes __________ at Ford’s Theater

Lincoln Assassinated Lincoln dies next day Andrew ____________assumes presidency

Andrew Johnson’s Plan Same as Lincoln’s Plan PLUS each former Confederate State had to ratify _______________ Amendment

13th Amendment - ends slavery ________________ 1865

Congress and Pres. Johnson clash over Reconstruction Plans

______________ Republicans’ Plan Leader Thaddeus Stevens Believed the States did secede Wanted to __________ the Southern States for the rebellion

Radical Republicans’ Plan Congress had the constitutional power to _________________ the States not the President Wanted all African Americans to be given full citizenship and _______________rights

Southern Punishment _______________ Reconstruction Act of 1867 Divided south into ________ military controlled districts

Southern Punishment _______________ Bureau - provided food, medicine, and education to freed Blacks 14th Amendment defined citizenship to include former slaves; banned discrimination

Impeachment Congress passes the Tenure of Office Act to control Johnson. He defies it and is impeached. He falls _________________short of being removed from office.

End of Reconstruction

Ulysses S. Grant Elected President in __________ as a Republican Victory made possible by ____________American votes

Ulysses S. Grant 15th Amendment passed to ensure that ________rights not be denied because of race

Blacks take political office in South ______________________ First black senator from the state of Mississippi

Southerners curtail civil rights _____________Klan Terrorist group that intimidated African Americans from exercising their rights

Southerners curtail civil rights ______________ laws that restricted the political and economic activities of African Americans.

New Labor Systems in the South

Sharecropping Former slaves farmed someone else’s land and paid the landowner at least _____________of the crop.

Sharecropping Plantation owners discovered sharecropping was ____________ for them than slavery

Tenant Farmers Former Slaves who used cash to _______________farms on plantations

Election of 1872 Radical Republicans began to __________________power and control of Congress.

Election of 1876 Republican Rutherford B Haynes lost the _____________ vote to Samuel Tilden Electoral College vote was in _____________

Compromise of 1877 Southern Democrats promised to give ___________ their electoral votes if he removed the military from the South Haynes agreed and removed all federal _____________ when he took over as President

Compromise of 1877 Southern Democrats take over the South Southern Democrats begin return to ________________ power. Reconstruction is over. The door is open to the “______________________Era”.