Part II: The Final Stages and Outcomes

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Presentation transcript:

Part II: The Final Stages and Outcomes THE CIVIL WAR Part II: The Final Stages and Outcomes

The Road to Gettysburg: Spring - Summer 1863

Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863) Largest battle ever fought on American soil (160,000+ troops) Culminates with “Pickett’s Charge” on last day Lee is defeated, forced to retreat back to Virginia “High Water Mark of the Confederacy”

Gettysburg Address (November 19, 1863) Lincoln’s dedication speech at Gettysburg National Cemetery Re-dedicates war effort: Abolition of slavery Memory of those who have died Restore the founding principles

The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg

Civil Liberties and War Motive: ‘Saving the Union’ Great crisis = Constitutional wiggle-room Congress generally accepted Lincoln’s actions Actions done without congressional approval: Ordered blockade Increased size of army / navy Suspension of Habeas Corpus (MD) Jefferson Davis did not enjoy the same powers as Lincoln did

The Election of 1864 Major issues: Progress of the War, Lincoln’s “abuse of power” Democrats choose George B. McClellan Major factor: Victories at Mobile Bay and Atlanta Second Inaugural Speech: “ with malice toward none, with charity for all.”

Sherman’s “Total War” in the South 1864-1865 “War is hell…” -Gen. William T. Sherman

The Final Virginia Campaign: 1864-1865

Appomattox Court House, VA April 9, 1865

“The Last Salute of the Army of Northern Virginia”, Appomattox, VA, April 9, 1865

Final Actions of the Civil War April 26, 1865: Gen. Johnston surrenders Army of the Tennessee. May 10, 1865: Pres. Davis captured near Irwinville, GA. May 12, 1865: Last battle fought at Palmito Ranch, TX. May 26, 1865: Gen. Edmond Kirby Smith surrenders Army of Trans-Mississippi; Civil War ends.

The Progress of War: 1861-1865

Lincoln’s Assassination John Wilkes Booth Southern Sympathizer April 14, 1865 Ford’s Theatre, Washington D.C

Extensive Legislation Passed Without the South in Congress 1862 – Homestead Act 1862 – Legal Tender Act 1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act 1862 – Emancipation Proclamation 1863 – Pacific Railway Act 1863 – National Bank Act 1865 – 13th Amendment

Casualties on Both Sides

Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars

Results of the War 620,000 soldiers dead – 2% of total population – 1 million total casualties. Slavery abolished (13th Amendment) – economic, social, political impact. Total cost of the war – $15 billion – $1.5 trillion today. Nullification & secession issues die with Confederacy. Laid the foundation for the 2nd Industrial Revolution. Monroe Doctrine more powerful; U.S. showed military strength.