What characteristics do all living things share?

Characteristics of Life - The Big Ideas… Made of Cells Reproduce (sexually or asexually) Have DNA (genetic information) Grow & Develop Need/Use Energy (metabolism) Respond to Environment Maintain Homeostasis (constant internal environment) Change Over Time (evolve) Form Systems & Have Systems (related parts) Structure & Function are Related

Which kingdoms have the most complex organisms? Which kingdoms have the most specialized cells? Which kingdoms are dependent upon systems?

What are the major parts of a plant?

Four main groups of Plant Kingdom Mosses and their relatives (Bryophytes) Ferns and their relatives Cone-bearing plants (Gymnosperms) Flowering plants (Angiosperms) Non Vascular Vascular

Mosses and their relatives (Bryophytes) Ferns and their relatives Cone-bearing plants (Gymnosperms) Flowering plants (Angiosperms)

Vascular Tissue: A Transport System What is this picture showing? What are their functions? How do you think this relates to plants?

Stem / Transport: Vascular Plants Being able to transport (move) water with vascular tissue was probably the greatest evolutionary development of the plant kingdom.

Vascular System The first vascular plants had a new type of cell that was specialized to conduct water. Tracheids – cells that allow water to move through a plant more efficiently than by diffusion alone

Vascular System Vascular tissue transports water and minerals up the stem of plants. Vascular tissue uses the force of capillary action in order to move the water and minerals. Cohesion of water molecules (water is sticky) Capillary Action Time Lapse

Vascular Tissue Tracheids are the key cells which make up xylem and phloem Xylem – carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant. Phloem – transports solutions of nutrients produced by photosynthesis. Both forms of xylem and phloem can move fluids through the plant body, even against the force of gravity. Plant Capillary Action/Transpiration Water Transport/Transpiration

System: Respiration Do plants breathe? If so, where does most of the respiration take place?

Leaf / Respiration Required for photosynthesis CO2 in / O2 & H2O out Stomata (Guard Cells) - specialized cell structure found in leaf to allow for gas exchange

Response / Hormones Hormones regulate growth & response Auxin – hormone that triggers growth in plants Tropism (growth because of a stimulus) Phototropism (light) Phototropism time lapse Video 2 Gravitropism/Geotropism (gravity) Hydrotropism (water) Thigmotropism (touch) Tropisms in Plants Plant Tropism #2

System of Defense Dermal tissue Cuticle – waxy covering on outside of leaves to prevent water loss / protective coating Epidermis – keeps outside out and inside in

Nutrient Absorption and Transport - Plants Roots – absorb nutrients & minerals from the soil Xylem – transports water Phloem - transports food CC - Vascular Plants Nature - What Plants Talk About (First 13 min)

Main Structures in Plant System Function of Plant System Main Structures in Animal System Function of Animal System Transport (580, 599, 943) Nutrient Absorption (579, 584, 978-983) Defense (580, 646, 933-935) Hormone (634, 997-998) Gas Exchange (596, 957)

Main Structures in Plant System Function of Plant System Main Structures in Animal System Function of Animal System Transport (580, 599, 943) Xylem & Phloem Transport water & Minerals to cells of plant Nutrient Absorption (579, 584, 978-983) Defense (580, 646, 933-935) Hormone (634, 997-998) Gas Exchange (596, 957)

Main Structures in Plant System Function of Plant System Main Structures in Animal System Function of Animal System Transport (580, 599, 943) Xylem & Phloem Transport water & Minerals to cells of plant Blood vessels, heart, blood Transport nutrients, Oxygen & water to cells of animal Nutrient Absorption (579, 584, 978-983) Defense (580, 646, 933-935) Hormone (634, 997-998) Gas Exchange (596, 957)

Main Structures in Plant System Function of Plant System Main Structures in Animal System Function of Animal System Transport (580, 599, 943) Xylem & Phloem Transport water & Minerals to cells of plant Blood vessels, heart, blood Transport nutrients, Oxygen & water to cells of animal Nutrient Absorption (579, 584, 978-983) Roots & Leaves Roots - absorb nutrients & water from ground Leaves - produce food by photosynthesis Defense (580, 646, 933-935) Hormone (634, 997-998) Gas Exchange (596, 957)

Main Structures in Plant System Function of Plant System Main Structures in Animal System Function of Animal System Transport (580, 599, 943) Xylem & Phloem Transport water & Minerals to cells of plant Blood vessels, heart, blood Transport nutrients, Oxygen & water to cells of animal Nutrient Absorption (579, 584, 978-983) Roots & Leaves Roots - absorb nutrients & water from ground Leaves - produce food by photosynthesis Mouth, Stomach & Sm. Intestine Mouth & Stomach - break down food Sm. Intestine - absorb nutrients Defense (580, 646, 933-935) Hormone (634, 997-998) Gas Exchange (596, 957)

Main Structures in Plant System Function of Plant System Main Structures in Animal System Function of Animal System Transport (580, 599, 943) Xylem & Phloem Transport water & Minerals to cells of plant Blood vessels, heart, blood Transport nutrients, Oxygen & water to cells of animal Nutrient Absorption (579, 584, 978-983) Roots & Leaves Roots - absorb nutrients & water from ground Leaves - produce food by photosynthesis Mouth, Stomach & Sm. Intestine Mouth & Stomach - break down food Sm. Intestine - absorb nutrients Defense (580, 646, 933-935) Cuticle, Epidermal cells Protection & reduce water loss Hormone (634, 997-998) Gas Exchange (596, 957)

Main Structures in Plant System Function of Plant System Main Structures in Animal System Function of Animal System Transport (580, 599, 943) Xylem & Phloem Transport water & Minerals to cells of plant Blood vessels, heart, blood Transport nutrients, Oxygen & water to cells of animal Nutrient Absorption (579, 584, 978-983) Roots & Leaves Roots - absorb nutrients & water from ground Leaves - produce food by photosynthesis Mouth, Stomach & Sm. Intestine Mouth & Stomach - break down food Sm. Intestine - absorb nutrients Defense (580, 646, 933-935) Cuticle, Epidermal cells Protection & reduce water loss Skin Protection, covering, temperature control Hormone (634, 997-998) Gas Exchange (596, 957)

Main Structures in Plant System Function of Plant System Main Structures in Animal System Function of Animal System Transport (580, 599, 943) Xylem & Phloem Transport water & Minerals to cells of plant Blood vessels, heart, blood Transport nutrients, Oxygen & water to cells of animal Nutrient Absorption (579, 584, 978-983) Roots & Leaves Roots - absorb nutrients & water from ground Leaves - produce food by photosynthesis Mouth, Stomach & Sm. Intestine Mouth & Stomach - break down food Sm. Intestine - absorb nutrients Defense (580, 646, 933-935) Cuticle, Epidermal cells Protection & reduce water loss Skin Protection, covering, temperature control Hormone (634, 997-998) Auxin & Target Cells Change in growth Gas Exchange (596, 957)

Main Structures in Plant System Function of Plant System Main Structures in Animal System Function of Animal System Transport (580, 599, 943) Xylem & Phloem Transport water & Minerals to cells of plant Blood vessels, heart, blood Transport nutrients, Oxygen & water to cells of animal Nutrient Absorption (579, 584, 978-983) Roots & Leaves Roots - absorb nutrients & water from ground Leaves - produce food by photosynthesis Mouth, Stomach & Sm. Intestine Mouth & Stomach - break down food Sm. Intestine - absorb nutrients Defense (580, 646, 933-935) Cuticle, Epidermal cells Protection & reduce water loss Skin Protection, covering, temperature control Hormone (634, 997-998) Auxin & Target Cells Change in growth Glands (Pituitary, thyroid, adrenal…) growth, emotion, development, heart rate, puberty Gas Exchange (596, 957)

Main Structures in Plant System Function of Plant System Main Structures in Animal System Function of Animal System Transport (580, 599, 943) Xylem & Phloem Transport water & Minerals to cells of plant Blood vessels, heart, blood Transport nutrients, Oxygen & water to cells of animal Nutrient Absorption (579, 584, 978-983) Roots & Leaves Roots - absorb nutrients & water from ground Leaves - produce food by photosynthesis Mouth, Stomach & Sm. Intestine Mouth & Stomach - break down food Sm. Intestine - absorb nutrients Defense (580, 646, 933-935) Cuticle, Epidermal cells Protection & reduce water loss Skin Protection, covering, temperature control Hormone (634, 997-998) Auxin & Target Cells Change in growth Glands (Pituitary, thyroid, adrenal…) growth, emotion, development, heart rate, puberty Gas Exchange (596, 957) Leaf, stoma, Guard cells Leaf – photosynthesis Stoma & Guard cells - air flow

Main Structures in Plant System Function of Plant System Main Structures in Animal System Function of Animal System Transport (580, 599, 943) Xylem & Phloem Transport water & Minerals to cells of plant Blood vessels, heart, blood Transport nutrients, Oxygen & water to cells of animal Nutrient Absorption (579, 584, 978-983) Roots & Leaves Roots - absorb nutrients & water from ground Leaves - produce food by photosynthesis Mouth, Stomach & Sm. Intestine Mouth & Stomach - break down food Sm. Intestine - absorb nutrients Defense (580, 646, 933-935) Cuticle, Epidermal cells Protection & reduce water loss Skin Protection, covering, temperature control Hormone (634, 997-998) Auxin & Target Cells Change in growth Glands (Pituitary, thyroid, adrenal…) growth, emotion, development, heart rate, puberty Gas Exchange (596, 957) Leaf, stoma, Guard cells Leaf – photosynthesis Stoma & Guard cells - air flow Lungs Oxygen in & Carbon Dioxide out