Overview of the Dentitions Chapter 15

Crown and Root Crown Root Anatomical Clinical Single Bifurcated Trifurcated

Root(s) Single Bifurcated Trifurcated Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. Mosby, 1998, p. 245, 248.

Tooth Tissues Enamel Dentin Cementum Pulp Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. Mosby, 1998, p. 247

Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. Mosby, 1998, p

Enamel Outer layer Hardest tissue in the body Mostly inorganic (96%), little organic (4%)

Dentin Main portion Can add to itself Secondary dentin: formed in the pulp chamber after the tooth erupts Reparative dentin localized formation due to occlusal trauma or caries

Cementum Bonelike structure that covers the root Cementoblasts Cellular and acellular 50% inorganic, 50% organic

Pulp Nourishing, sensory, and dentin-reparitive system of the tooth Composition: blood vessels, lymph vessels, connective tissues, nerve tissue, and odontoblasts Pulp chamber (including pulp horns) and pulp canals

Surfaces of Teeth Mesial Distal Buccal/facial Lingual/palatal Occlusal/incisal Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 255.

Division of Surfaces Mesial, middle, and distal third Facial/buccal, middle, and lingual third Incisal/occlusal, middle, and cervical third Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 256.

Division of Surfaces

Line Angles Formed by the junction of two surfaces Drop “al” and add “o”, except when followed by an “o”. Hyphenate preceding an “occlusal” Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 257.

Point Angles Point at which three surfaces meet. Drop “al” and add “o”, except when followed by an “o”. Some hyphenate preceding an “occlusal”

Point Angles Point at which three surfaces meet. Drop “al” and add “o”, except when followed by an “o”. Some hyphenate preceding an “occlusal”

Landmarks Lobe: Growth center Developmental grooves: separate primary parts of the crown or root Fossa: depression or concavity Cingulum: 4th growth center or lobe on the lingual surface Ridge: Linear, elevated portion of a tooth Marginal ridges: rounded borders of enamel Concavity: cavelike Convex: bulging out

Lobes Structures. 6th Ed. 1998, p. 340 Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 259.

Developmental Groove, Triangular Ridge, Fossa, and Pit Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 261.

Ridges, Fossa, and Tubercles Max. R Central (lingual view) Distal marginal ridge Mesial marginal ridge Incisal marginal ridge Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 260.

Ridges and Fossa Max. R Central (lingual view) Incisal marginal ridge Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 260.

Cingulum: 4th Growth center or lobe Three facial lobes One lingual lobe Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 261.

Transverse Ridge Union of two ridges Formed by the ridges of the buccal and lingual cusps Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 261.

Convex and Concave Convex Concave Convex Concave Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 252, 263.

Arrangement of Teeth Dentition Primary Secondary Arches Maxillary Mandibular Quadrants Max. R 1 Max. L 2 Mand. L 3 Mand. R 4 Dentition Primary Secondary Arches Maxillary Mandibular Quadrants Max. R 1 Max. L 2 Mand. L 3 Mand. R 4

Dentition Primary Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 278.

Dentition Secondary Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 277.

Arches Maxillary Mandibular

Midline (Midsagittal plane)

Quadrants Max. R 1 Max. L 2 Mand. L 3 Mand. R 4

Succedaneous and Non-succedaneous Succedaneous: Permanent teeth that replace or suceed the deciduous teeth (ex.: # 4) Non-succedaneous: Permanent teeth that do not replace deciduous teeth (ex.: #3) 4 3 A C Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 293.

Succedaneous and Non-succedaneous Is # 5 succedaneous or nonsuccedaneous? 3 A C Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 293.

Succedaneous and Non-succedaneous # 5 is succedaneous. 3 5 A C Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 293.

Succedaneous and Non-succedaneous Is # 30 succedaneous or non-succedaneous? 30 Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 293.

Succedaneous and Non-succedaneous # 30 is non-succedaneous. 30 Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 293.

Mixed Dentition One or more primary teeth present Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 293.

Naming Teeth Universal (A-T, 1-32) Palmer (Right angles and 1-8) FDI (ISO) System (Quadrants 1-4, Numbers1-8)

Universal Letters: A-T Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 281.

Universal #s: 1-32 Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 280.

Palmer System Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 279.

Palmer System Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 293.

Palmer System What does this equate to in the Universal System? 3

Palmer System Answer: # 6 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Universal System

Palmer System What does this equate to in the Universal System? 5

Palmer System Answer: # 20 5 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 Universal System

Federation Dentaire Internationale System (FDI) Secondary Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 283.

Federation Dentaire Internationale System (FDI) Primary teeth Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 284.

Federation Dentaire Internationale System (FDI) What is the equivalent of 46 in the Universal System?

Federation Dentaire Internationale System (FDI) 46 30 Answer: #30 Answer: #30

Case Scenario Your 17 year old male patient informs you that he is having his 8s taken out next week. What is he referring to in the Universal System?

Case Scenario 8s = #s: 1, 16, 17, and 32 (Wisdom teeth)

Development, Form, and Eruption

Development and Form As early as the sixth week of fetal life (7-8 months before birth), tooth buds or germs are found

Crypts: cavities in the alveolar process, later becomes a tooth socket Calcification: hardening, begins the fourth month of fetal life. Crown first, then root. Crypts: cavities in the alveolar process, later becomes a tooth socket Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 287.

Mamelons: incisal ridges of the three labial developmental lobes Developmental grooves: Divisions of the developmental lobes, also separate the mamelons. Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 287.

Lobes Anterior: 4 Premolars: 4 (exception: some mand. 2nd premolars) 1st Molars: 5 2nd Molars: 4 3rd Molars: variable Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 287.

Lobes Anterior: 4 3 facial and 1 lingual Side view Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 287.

Lobes Premolar: 4 3 facial and 1 lingual Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 287.

Lobes 1st, 2nd, and 3rd molars 1st 2nd 3rd Molars decrease in size the more posteriorly they are located. Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 289.

Lobes How many lobes does #4 have?

Lobes Answer: #4 has 4 lobes.

More Words Exfoliation: normal process of losing the primary dentition Resorption: Roots lost Impacted teeth: teeth that are embedded in bone or soft tissue that do not erupt Attrition: wearing away of the occlusal or incisal surfaces Occlusal plane: curved line of occlusal surfaces (Curve of Spee) Edentulous: no teeth

Exfoliation , Resorption, and Impactions White and Pharoah. Oral Radiology. Fourth Ed. Mosby, 2000. p. 363.

Attrition White and Pharoah. Oral Radiology. Fourth Ed. Mosby, 2000. p. 327.

Curve of Spee

Edentulous

Edematous Gingiva

Eruptive Pattern for the Primary Dentition Holden and Charlick. Dental Anatomy, 1974, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, p. 304.

Eruptive Pattern for the Primary Dentition Central Lateral First molar Canine Second molar 7 – 28 months of age Holden and Charlick. Dental Anatomy, 1974, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, p. 304.

Eruptive Pattern for the Primary Dentition Does the maxillary or mandibular teeth come first? Central –mand. Lateral – max. First molar – max. Canine – max. Second molar – mand. Holden and Charlick. Dental Anatomy, 1974, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, p. 304.

Eruptive Pattern for the Primary Dentition List the following in order of eruption. Central Lateral Canine First molar Second molar

Eruptive Pattern for the Primary Dentition List the following in order of eruption. Central First Lateral Second Canine Fourth First molar Third Second molar Last

Eruptive Pattern for the Primary Dentition Answer: First molar erupts before the canine Central - 1 Lateral - 2 Canine - 4 First molar - 3 First molar - 5 Holden and Charlick. Dental Anatomy, 1974, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, p. 304

Eruptive Pattern for the Permanent Dentition Holden and Charlick. Dental Anatomy, 1974, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, p. 305.

Eruptive Pattern for the Permanent Dentition 6 year molars, central incisors Mandibular before maxillary, erupt in pairs R and L Girls before boys in permanent dentition 8 3 30 25 Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 291.

Eruptive Pattern 7 years, central incisors in, mand. lateral precedes max. lateral 7 26 Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 291.

Eruptive Pattern 7 years, central incisors in, mand. lateral precedes max. lateral 7 26 Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 291.

Eruptive Pattern 9 years, central and lateral incisors in Next will come the mand. cuspid (sometimes max. 1st premolar) 7 8 26 25 Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 291.

Eruptive Pattern 9 years, central and lateral incisors in Next will come the mand. cuspid (sometimes max. 1st premolar) 7 8 26 25 Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 291.

Eruptive Pattern 10 – 11 years: mand. cuspid max. 1st premolar mand. 1st premolar 5 28 27 Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 291.

Eruptive Pattern 12 year molars (2nd molars), premolars and max. cuspid are in. 2 4 6 29 31 Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 291.

Eruptive Pattern Age 15 – 21: 3rd molars 1 2 32 31 Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 291.

Eruptive Pattern Generally speaking, does the mandibular or maxillary teeth come in first? Mandibular 1 2 Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 291.

Eruptive Pattern What is the exception? Maxillary premolars 1 2 Brand and Isselhard. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. 6th Ed. , Mosby, 1998, p. 291.

Case Scenerio What is the approximate age of this patient? 4 - 5 years old 6 - 7 years old 8 - 9 years old 10 – 11 years old 1 2 Frommer. Radiology for Dental Auxiliaries 7th Ed. Mosby, 2001. P . 383.

Case Scenerio What is the approximate age of this patient? 4 - 5 years old 6 - 7 years old 8 - 9 years old 10 – 11 years old 1 2 Frommer. Radiology for Dental Auxiliaries 7th Ed. Mosby, 2001. P . 383.

Case Scenerio What is the approximate age of this patient? 6 - 8 years old 10 - 11 years old 13 – 17 years old 1 2 Frommer. Radiology for Dental Auxiliaries 7th Ed. Mosby, 2001. p. 382.

Case Scenerio What is the approximate age of this patient? 6 - 8 years old 10 - 11 years old 13 – 17 years old Notice that the root on the second molar is not fully developed. 1 2 Frommer. Radiology for Dental Auxiliaries 7th Ed. Mosby, 2001. p. 382.

Case Scenerio What is the approximate age of this patient? 6 - 8 years old 10 - 11 years old 13 – 17 years old 1 2 Frommer. Radiology for Dental Auxiliaries 7th Ed. Mosby, 2001. p. 382.

Case Scenerio 6 - 8 years old 10 - 11 years old 13 – 17 years old What is the approximate age of this patient? 6 - 8 years old 10 - 11 years old 13 – 17 years old 1 2 Frommer. Radiology for Dental Auxiliaries 7th Ed. Mosby, 2001. p. 382.