Oral cavity 25%

Alveolar Process extensions of the bone from the body of the mandible and maxilla, which support the teeth.

Frenum Frenum or frenulum is a narrow band of tissue that connects two structures. Max. labial frenum, mand. Labial frenum, buccal frenum, lingual frenum

Hard Palate Formed from two separate embryonic structures, Primary and secondary palate Begins 5th week gestation When fusing, the 2 come together and make a Y shaped pattern Fusion 9th week-12th week. Three stages 1. form the primary palate 2. form the secondary palate 3. fusion of the palate Any disruption can result in cleft lip or palate

Hard palate Separates the nasal cavity above from the oral cavity below The oral mucosa of the hard palate is tightly bound to the hard palate which makes injection to this area very painful Behind the Max. Incisors is the incisive papilla, a pear shaped piece of tissue that covers the incisive foramen- where injections for nasopalatine nerve anesthesia. Rugae-Irregular ridges or folds of masticatory mucosa Raphe- midline that runs posterior to the incisive papilla

Soft Palate Moveable posterior third of the palate No bony support Hangs into the pharynx behind it Ends with the uvula Supported by 2 arches , Fauces Anterior arch runs from the soft palate down to the lateral aspects of the tongue as anterior faucial pillar Posterior arch- free posterior border of the soft palate- posterior faucial pillar The opening between the 2 fauces is the Isthmus of fauces and contains the tonsils

Tongue Composed mainly of muscles Top has thick layer of mucous membrane and thousands of papillae Inside the papillae are sensory organs and nerves for taste and touch Usually pinkish-white and velvety smooth Functions- speaking, positioning food while you eat, tasting and tactile sensitivity, swallowing, cleasing the oral cavity Anterior 3rd of the tongue is the body, root of the tongue is the posterior part that turns down towards the pharynx, Dorsum is where your papillae are

Sublingual is covered in smooth transparent mucosa that you can see vessels through Submandibular ducts Fimbriated folds

Landmarks Facial Regions- Forehead, Temples, Orbital Area, External nose, Zygomatic area, Mouth and Lips, Cheeks, Chin, External Ear Features of the face: Outer/Inner Canthus- tissue fold at the outer/inner corner of the eyelids Ala- wing like tip on the outer side of each nostril Philtrum- rectangular area under the nose Tragus- projection of the external ear Nasion- midpoint between the eyes below the eyebrows Glabella- smooth surface of the frontal bone Root- bridge of the nose Septum- tissue that divides the nasal cavity into two Anterior Naris- Nostril Mental protuberance- forms the chin Angle of the mandible- lower posterior of the ramus Zygomatic arch- creates the prominence of the cheek

Lips Aka labia Lips are outlined by vermillion border Labial commissure- angles of the corner of the mouth Nasolabial sulcus- the groove that connects the ala and commissure

Oral cavity Lined in mucous membrane tissue(moist) Consist of 2 areas: 1. vestibule-space between the teeth and inner mucosal lining of the lips and cheeks, 2. oral cavity proper- space on tongue side within the max and mand arches Mucobuccal fold- meeting of buccal/labial mucosa and alveolar mucosa Color change line between the two is the mucogingival junction Attached gingiva is a lighter color and has stippling Fordyce spots/granules- normal small yellowish elevations on the buccal mucosa Linea alba- white ridge of raised tissue that is at the level of where max and mand teeth meet

Mucobuccal fold Mucogingival junction

Linea Alba Fordyce spots

Gingiva Covers alveolar process Has a stippled appearance(orange rind) Color varies on individual pigmentation Unattached gingiva/marginal gingiva/free gingiva- the area that surrounds the teeth like a collar- 1st to respond to inflammation Interdental gingiva/interdental papilla- fills in interproximal embrasures Gingival groove/ free gingival groove- shallow groove that runs parallel to margin of unattached gingiva and starts the attached gingiva Attached gingiva- extends from base of sulcus to mucogingival junction

Interdental papilla