Joints of The Body

What are the 3 Primary Types of Joints? Fibrous- Cartilaginous- Synovial-

1 Fibrous Joints Are joined by fibrous tissue of two closely located bones No Synovial Cavity No movement in adults Include: Sutures of skull sheet of tissue between the Tibia/Fibula and the Radius/Ulna Roots of your teeth

2 Cartilaginous Joint Bones are joined by hyaline cartilage No Synovial Cavity Most are immovable or have limited movement Location: Discs between vertebrae Front of pelvis/coxal (pubic symphysis) Ribs to sternum Epiphyseal plate, prepubescent

3. Synovial Joint Bones are separated by a fluid filled cavity Synovial Fluid free-moving Includes most joints in the body Ex: knee, shoulder, knuckle, elbow, thumb, hip, wrist , ankles

What are the 6 Synovial joints? Ball and socket- Hinge- Pivot- Condyloid- aka Ellipsoidal Gliding- aka Plane Saddle- specialized Condyloid

1. Ball and Socket Joint The spherical head of one bone joins the cup-like surface of another bone. The most freely moving synovial joint. All types of movement including rotation. Examples: shoulder and hip

Joints of the Body Ball and Socket Joint: Round end of bone fitting snuggly within another bone. Ex. Shoulder and Hip

Movement- Abduction- ab =“away” Adduction- ad- together/towards Rotation Circumduction- circular movement

2. Hinge Joint A rounded section of one bone sits inside a depressed or trough like part of another bone. Flexion and extension are only allowed at this joint. Examples: knee, elbow, phalanges

Joints of the Body Hinge Joint: Movement at joint in one direction like a door. Limited movement- flexion and extension Ex. Knee, Elbow, phalanx to phalanx

3. Pivot Joint The rounded end of one bone fits in a depression or sleeve of another bone Allows only rotation in one plane Examples: top two bones in the vertebral column (allows for rotation of the head) and the proximal end of ulna and radius (allows for pronation and supination)

Joints of the Body Pivot Joint: Bones parallel One way rotation Ex. Turning Neck (atlas and axis), waving “No” with wrist, and Ankles

4. Condyloid Joint One bone has an oval surface while the other bone has a matching depression. Allows all but rotation (flexion, extension abduction, adduction, and circumduction) Example: metacarpal/phalange joint of the four fingers

Condyloid/Ellipsoidal One bone has an oval surface while the other bone has a matching depression. Movement- Allows all but rotation Example: metacarpal/phalange joint of the four fingers (knuckles)

5. Gliding Joint The ends of the bones that are touching are fairly flat and only allow short gliding movement. Examples: carpal/carpal or tarsal/tarsal

6. Saddle Joint Each bone in a saddle joint has concave and convex surface (like a saddle) Allows large amounts of movement including opposition of your thumb (opposable thumbs) Example: metacarpal/carpal of thumb only

Saddle joint FREE movement Similar to condyloid, but in opposable thumb Metacarpal to carpal in thumb only

JOINT REVIEW Free Assignment (all 9 joints)- Name the joint Description (picture or words) Movement (picture or words) Example (1)

Joint Warm-Up 1 What is the fluid called that exists between the distal end of your femur and the proximal end of your tibia? 2 what is the name of the specialized condyloid joint that allows you and other primates to perform very detailed tasks with your hands? 3. Why do athletic coaches tell the players to “warm-up”? 4. the epiphyseal disk inside the proximal epiphysis of long bones is an example of what kind of joint? 5. Give me an example of a fibrous joint 6. Give me 5 examples of synovial joints 7. What kind of joint is found between your carpals? 8. Give me two examples of Cartilaginous joints 9. What type of joint is found at the proximal end of your humerus and pectoral girdles? 10. What is the most complex joint in your body? 11. turning your head side to side as if to say “no” is an example of motion produced by what type of joint?

The Connectors of the Body Ligaments: Connect bone to bone

The Connectors of the Body!! Tendon: Attaches muscles to bones

The Connectors of the Body Cartilage: It acts as a cushion between bones at a joint and protects the bones.

Problems of the Skeletal System Fracture: Break Dislocation: Out of joint

Problems of the Skeletal System Sprain: Swelling in the joint Arthritis: Inflamed and stiff joints

Problems of the Skeletal System!! Scoliosis: Curvature of the spine Osteoporosis: Brittle bones