Denitrification in an Urban Tidal Freshwater Wetland of the Delaware

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Presentation transcript:

Denitrification in an Urban Tidal Freshwater Wetland of the Delaware T. Quirk, A. Smyth, M. Piehler, B. Horton, J. Mead, and D. J. Velinsky February 2010

Tidal Freshwater Wetlands Along coastal rivers Salinity less than 0.5 ppt Salt intolerant species Globally rare habitat Receive and process nutrient loads

Organic N NO3- NH4+ flux N2 flux N2 (g) NO3+ flux NH4+ OO SEDIMENT WATER Organic N O NO3- Net Nitrification NH4+ flux N2 flux O N2 (g) Denitrification NO3+ flux Permanent removal O NH4+ Net Ammonification adapted from Kemp et al. 1990

Denitrification varies temporally and spatially Hypothesis Denitrification varies temporally and spatially Elevation Season Vegetation Soil and water N

The Darby-Cobbs watershed Cobbs Creek Darby Creek Stony Creek Muckinipattis Creek Hermesprota Creek

Watershed Marsh Phragmites australis

Low tide High tide

Spatial variation - upstream, main marsh, downstream - low, mid-, high marsh plant communities / elevations

Water Column Characteristics b

Seasonal aboveground biomass

Denitrification Seasonal effect B Seasonal effect Little spatial variation but a few hotspots of DNR No significant relationship between DNR and elevation or biomass

APRIL Net flux of N from sediment to water column OO SEDIMENT Organic N WATER O NO3- Net Nitrification NH4+ flux N2 flux O N2 (g) Denitrification NO3+ flux + 85 ± 27 µmol m-2 hr-1 + 474 ± 26 µmol m-2 hr-1 + 55 ± 29 µmol m-2 hr-1 O NH4+ Net Ammonification Net flux of N from sediment to water column Low rates of denitrification

JULY Net flux of nitrate from water to sediment OO SEDIMENT Organic N WATER O NO3- Net Nitrification NH4+ flux N2 flux O N2 (g) Denitrification NO3+ flux + 80 ± 21 µmol m-2 hr-1 - 293 ± 53 µmol m-2 hr-1 + 396 ± 43 µmol m-2 hr-1 O NH4+ Net Ammonification Net flux of nitrate from water to sediment High rates of denitrification

OCTOBER Ammonium flux low and variable OO SEDIMENT Organic N WATER O NO3- Net Nitrification NH4+ flux N2 flux O N2 (g) Denitrification NO3+ flux + 4 ± 9 µmol m-2 hr-1 - 327 ± 92 µmol m-2 hr-1 + 100 ± 9 µmol m-2 hr-1 O NH4+ Net Ammonification Ammonium flux low and variable Moderate rates of denitrification

Positive relationship between NH4+ flux and N2 flux in July

Sediment O2 Demand Increase in SOD - Reduces O2 availability - Limits nitrification Implications Both nitrification and water column NO3+ fueling DNR in July Water column NO3+ fueling DNR in Oct

Conclusions Little spatial variation in DNR Seasonal effects on plant community composition and % of biomass AND DNR April- many locations with no DNR July- greatest DNR with coupled nitrification-DNR + water column NO3+ fueling DNR October- lower DNR but water column NO3+ fueling DNR Calculation of % N load undergoing DNR limited by lack of adequate streamflow data