Acids and Bases

Acids Clip What do you know about acids?

Acids Forming Acids When dissolved in water, acids break up into: H+ ion PLUS a non-metal ion(-) Ex. HF is hydrogen fluoride. When in water HF = HF(aq) called hydrofluoric acid because it breaks up into ions HF(aq)  H+(aq) + F-(aq)

Acids Naming Binary Acids Always: hydro_____ic acid Ex. HF(aq) = hydrofluoric acid Ex. HCl(aq)  H+ + Cl- (chloride ion) in water(aq) HCl(aq) = hydrochloric acid H2S(aq) H+ + S2- = ?? HI(aq)  H+ + I- = ??

Practice Write the names: HBr(aq) = H2Se(aq) = HCl(aq) = HF(aq) = H3P(aq) =

Acids Naming Oxoacids (Polyatomic Acids) Similar to Binary, but different names Forms H+ ion PLUS a polyatomic ion (2 elements) Ex. H2SO4(aq) H+ + SO42- H2SO4(aq) = ???? Steps: 1) Write the name of the anion, without –ate or –ite ending. (Ex. SO42- = sulfate = sulf__) 2) If it ends with –ate change to –ic (Ex. sulfuric) 3) If it ends with –ite change to -ous 4) Add the word acid (Ex. sulfuric acid) Note: Sulphuric and Phosphoric acid are exceptions in the sense that they have an extra syllable added in between the first and third syllable. You add ur and or to make the word flow better. Other combinations do not have this addition. Nitrate….Nitr…nitric acid

Practice Write the names: H2SO4(aq) = sulfuric acid H2SO3(aq) = H3PO4(aq) = H3PO3(aq) = HClO3(aq) = HNO3(aq) =

Acids Writing the formula Same as ionic compounds: use the crossover rule Ex. Write the formula for carbonic acid Carbonate ion = CO32- How many H+ needed to equal 0? …. 2 So, it’s H2CO3 Crossover: H1+ + CO32- H2CO3

Bases What do we know about bases?

Bases Naming and writing fomulas of Bases bases that have a metal ion and OH-1 polyatomic anion are named using regular ionic naming techniques formulas for bases are created using a metal cation and OH-1 anion combined in a way that the cation and anion have fulfilled the octet

Try these NaOH= Ba(OH)2 Mn(OH)2 Zinc hydroxide Potassium hydroxide Iron(II) hydroxide

Try these NaOH= sodium hydroxide Ba(OH)2= barium hydroxide Mn(OH)2= manganese (II) hydroxide Zinc hydroxide = Zn(OH)2 Potassium hydroxide KOH Iron(III) hydroxide Fe(OH)3

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