Chapter 7 Becoming a World Power Section 2 part 1 The Spanish American War Pages 268-272
The Coming of War By 1898, Cuba and Puerto Rico were Spain’s last remaining colonies Cubans often revolted against Spain The US issued a declaration of war against Spain to “help” Cubans The “splendid little war” as Sec of State Jon Hay described it only lasted 4 months but it dramatically altered the position of the US on the world stage
Cuban Rebellion Begins Sugar plantations generated considerable wealth for Spain in Cuba 1/3 of Cuban population was enslaved until Spain abolished slavery in 1886 (US 1863)
Jose Mati An exiled Cuban leader who was a writer and a poet Brought together Cuban exiles living in the US The group raised funds, purchased weapons, and trained troops for a Cuban invasion
Cuba and the US linked Cuba exported much of its sugar to the US Americans invested about $50 million in Cuba’s sugar plantations, mines, and railroads Cuba’s economy was devastated by a US tariff placed on sugar
Marti’s Followers New Rebellion Launched in 1895 The seized control of eastern Cuba Established the Republic of Cuba in September 1895
Yellow Journalism Sensational reporting in which writers exaggerate and make up stories to attract readers William Randolph Hearst and William Joseph Pulitzer were the most famous “Yellow Journalist” The most outrageous stories were that the Spanish were feeding the Cubans to sharks and dogs That Cuba was covered with blood
What were the 4 causes of the Spanish American War The Cuban rebellion against Spain American desire to protect its investments in Cuba Yellow journalism that intensified public anger The explosion to the USS Maine
Spain sent General Valeriano Weyler aka the Butcher to Cuba along with200,000 troops
Seeking aid from the US Cuban rebels destroyed American property hoping to get the US to intervene
Reconcentration Camps To prevent Cuban villagers from helping rebels, villagers sent to camps. Men, women, and children were herded into theses camps where tens of thousands died of starvation and disease
Calls for War William McKinley was president in 1897 He did not want to intervene because it would cost too many lives and hurt the economy
Calls for War Spain removed the Butcher and offered the Cubans autonomy but only if Cuba remained part of the Spanish Empire Autonomy – the quality or state of being self governed The right to their own government
Calls for War Riots in Havana Worried Americans might be attacked, President McKinley sent in the battleship USS Maine in case Americans needed to be evacuated
Calls for War
Calls for War Feb 15, 1898 the USS Maine was ripped apart by explosion Possible reasons? Spontaneous combustion Mine Act of Spanish sabotage Remember the Maine became the rallying cry of the US
Calls for War Republicans wanted to go to war fear that democrats would win the election if McKinley did not go to war Spain declared war on the US on April 24th For the 1st time in 50 years, the US was at war with another nation
War on Two Fronts Commodore Dewey is ordered to attack the Spanish fleet based in the Philippines (Spanish colony). The U.S. was trying to prevent the fleet from sailing east and attacking the U.S.
Major battles US Soldiers Rough Riders, the First Volunteer Cavalry Near Santiago Cuba Manila Philippines US Soldiers 385 died in battle 2061 died from food poisoning and disease
The Battle for Manila American Ships destroyed all 8 of the severely out gunned Spanish Warships
The Battle for Manila Bay America seized the Island of Guam on their way to the Philippines
Emilio Aguinaldo A Filipino revolutionary leader Launched a new rebellion against the Spanish While the rebels took control of most of the island, Americans seized Manila
The Battle for Manila The Spanish were not prepared for war Old warships and poorly trained crew Tropical disease and months of fighting the rebels weakened them The war would be decided at sea
The Battle for Manila Training camps for US Soldiers Unsanitary Epidemics broke out
Battle for Manila Colonel Leonard Wood was the commander of the Rough Riders The Rough Riders were made up of cowboys, miners, and law officers
The Battle for Manila The Rough Riders Captured Kettle Hill San Juan Hill
Medal of Honor Four African Americans received the medal of honor for their contributions in Cuba
Spanish Navy American war ships attacked the Spanish Navy as they fled. Every single Spanish ship was sunk or beached
Puerto Rico United States occupied Puerto Rico after the Spanish in Santiago surrendered
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