Chapter 13 Ear Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 13 Lesson 13.1 Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 13-2

Objectives Identify organs and structures of the ear. Define and spell the word parts related to the ear. Define, pronounce and spell disease and disorder terms related to the ear. Define, pronounce, and spell surgical terms related to the ear. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Function of the Ear hearing and providing the sense of balance. The ear is made up of three parts: the external ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. We hear because sound waves vibrate through the ear where they are transformed into nerve impulses that are then carried to the brain. Can you think of causes of abnormal functioning of the ear? Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Anatomy of the Ear What are the functions of the three main parts of the ear? What is cerumen, and where is it found? Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Middle Ear Note the complexity of the elements that make up the middle ear. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ear external ear auricle (pinna): located on both sides of the head external auditory meatus: short tube that ends at the tympanic membrane The auricle directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus. It is the part of the ear tissue that is pierced for earrings. The external auditory meatus, also called “canal,” has an inner part lying within the temporal bone of the skull and containing the glands that secrete earwax (cerumen). Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ear (cont’d.) middle ear tympanic membrane (eardrum): semitransparent membrane that separates the external auditory meatus and the middle ear cavity and transmits sound vibrations to the ossicles eustachian tube: connects the middle ear and the pharynx ossicles: bones of the middle ear that carry sound vibrations The eustachian tube equalizes the air pressure on both sides of the eardrum. Describe the ossicles and their functions. (The ossicles are the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup). The stapes connects to the oval window, which transmits the sound vibrations to the inner ear.) Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ear (cont’d.) labyrinth (inner ear) cochlea: snail-shaped and contains the organ of hearing; connects to the oval window in the middle ear semicircular canals and vestibule: contain receptors and endolymph that help the body maintain its sense of balance mastoid bone and cells: located in the skull bone behind the external auditory meatus The labyrinth includes the bony spaces within the temporal bone of the skull. The semicircular canals and vestibule help regulate equilibrium. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Combining Forms of the Ear audi/o aur/i, aur/o, ot/o chochle/o labyrinth/o mastoid/o myring/o staped/o tympan/o vestibul/o What is the combining form for “ear,” and how might it be used in terminology? Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Clicker Question The combining form for ear drum is myring/o staped/o audi/o Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Helpful Information tympan/o usually means middle ear myring/o means eardrum (tympanic membrane) labyrinth/o means inner ear Create terms using these combining forms. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts labyrinthitis mastoiditis myringitis otalgia osteomastoiditis otomycosis otopyorrhea otorrhea otosclerosis tympanitis Explain how to break each term into word parts and define the word parts. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built From Word Parts acoustic neuroma ceruminoma cholesteatoma ménière disease otitis externa otitis media (OM) presbycusis tinnitus vertigo Explain how to analyze terms that are not built from word parts. Ménière disease is an example of an eponym. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Clicker Question Hearing impairment in old age is otosclerosis presbycusis Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts cochlear implant labyrinthectomy mastoidectomy mastoidotomy myringoplasty myringotomy stapedectomy tympanoplasty Explain how to break each term into word parts and define the word parts. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

What word is formed from the word parts listed on the slide? myringotomy Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 13 Lesson 13.2 Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Objectives Define, pronounce and spell diagnostic terms related to the ear. Interpret the meaning of abbreviations related to the ear. Interpret, read and comprehend medical language in simulated medical statements and documents. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts audiogram audiometry otoscope otoscopy tympanometer tympanometry Explain how to break each term into word parts and define the word parts. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

What word parts create the term that describes the picture in the slide? audiogram Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts audiologist audiology aural cochlear otologist otology otorhinolaryngologist (ENT) vestibular vestibulocochlear Explain how these terms are built and their relation to ear anatomy or treatment. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Abbreviations ADM EENT ENT OM Describe the terms to which these abbreviations apply. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Read Medical Terms in Use Acute Otitis Media Acute otitis media is one of the most common pediatric infections. Most middle ear infections are caused by bacteria, and some by viruses. Symptoms include otalgia, otorrhea, ear pulling, and irritability. The tympanic membrane will be bulging, red in color, with a thickened appearance and reduced translucency Antibiotics may be ordered if the infection does not resolve on its own. If unresponsive to antibiotic treatment, a myringotomy may be performed to identify the causative pathogen, allowing for the appropriate antibiotic treatment to be prescribed. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.