deposition the dropping of sediment or particles by water, wind, or ice

delta a deposit of sediment that builds up at a river’s mouth

flood-plain a deposit of sediment in a flat area along the banks of a river

barrier island a long, narrow island that forms along the coast

sand dune a mound of sand piled up by the wind

glacier a huge sheet of slowly moving ice

moraine a ridge of sediment and rock left behind when a glacier melts

drumlin a long oval shaped mound of soil and rock formed from glacial deposits

lava hot, melted rock that pours from volcanoes

magma molten rock in a volcano

fault a crack in the rock of Earth’s crust

weathering The breakdown of rock at or near the earth’s surface Chemical Weathering – e.g dissolution by acid rain Physical Weathering – e.g. freeze thaw action Biological Weathering – e.g lichen growth

mechanical weathering a type of weathering that breaks rock into smaller pieces without changing it chemically

chemical weathering a type of weathering that changes rock into one or more new substances

erosion the movement of weathered rock from place to place

erosion

sea stack pillars of stone in the sea that form headlands

headland a point of land that juts out into the ocean

sea arch a formation made when waves first carve away softer rock in the headland

dam a structure built across a river to control its flow

groin a structure build at right angles to the beach to control beach erosion

seawall a structure build parallel to the shore to control beach erosion

beach nourishment the placement of additional sand on beaches to protect them from erosion

contour plowing the plowing of crop rows across hillsides to prevent erosion

terracing the planting of crops on terraces built into steep hillsides to prevent erosion

storm drain management system of drains that prevents flooding during heavy rainstorms