The Industrial Revolution Unit Enduring Understandings Changes in technology and exchange during the 18th and 19th centuries led to the social and economic changes around the world that are still relevant today. 5. Technology and industrial advancement can alter existing social and economic systems. The Industrial Revolution It begins in “Jolly old England” Agenda – Identify the definition of the industrial Revolution explain the key features of this revolution identify the key factors that a country needs in order to have industrialization Explain why the IR occurred in Britain. Complete p #1 Create a list of the major industrial advancements of the Industrial Revolution

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION RISE OF THE MACHINES Late 1700s-Early 1800s New technologies speed up pace of life Major changes in social and cultural aspects of society

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION II. DIFFERENT ADVANCES A. Agricultural B. Textile C. Transportation

IR today – what advances today have had major impact on lives? This is how a study of the Industrial Revolution relates to you – understanding its past impact can help us deal with new advances and their impact on society now.

Industrial Revolution For a society to experience an “Industrial Revolution” many things must be present: The Factors of Production: Land, Labor, Capital. Land- Natural Resources- iron, coal, etc. Waterways- source of power, transportation. Labor- Workforce, affordable labor * (what did this mean in some cases?) Capital - Money through wealthy individuals - Bank Loans (available in stable societies and economic systems) -Entrepreneurs

WHY ENGLAND? Intersected by many rivers Flat Good sea access to ship goods Had land, labor and capital

The Beginnings of Industrialization 1. Agricultural Revolution Increased food supplies led to increased population demanding manufactured goods and provided labor for factories 2. Abundant natural Resources Water power, coal and timber for fuel, iron ore, rivers for transportation, harbors for shipping 3. Political stability Created a climate for productivity, overseas trade, and focus energies on economic expansion and industrialization 4. Factors of production Land, labor, capital – all existed in abundance in Britain

The Beginnings of Industrialization (cont) 5. Technological advances in textiles Cotton cloth production increased in speed and quality, increasing profits and influenced other industries to industrialize 6. Entrepreneurs – risk-taking businessmen Provided organizational and management skills and took financial risks of developing new businesses 7. Building of factories Allowed industry to move out of the home and centralize in one location with easier access to supplies, transportation and markets. 8. Railroad boom – growth of the number of railroads Provided an inexpensive way to transport raw and finished materials and also created new jobs

Farming Picks Up THE SEED DRILL INVENTOR: JETHRO TULL YEAR: 1701 IMPACT: PLANT FASTER, MORE YIELD Other farming techniques Better breeding practices for animals Crop rotation Enclosure system (bigger parcels)

British political stability George III – ruled from 1760-1820 Queen Vicgtoria – ruled from 1837-1901

The Spinning Jenny Inventor: James Hargreaves Year: 1764 Impact: Spin multiple threads at once

THE COTTON GIN Inventor: Eli Whitney Year: 1793 Impact: Clean cotton infinitely faster, easier THE COTTON GIN

Steam Engine Inventor: James Watt Year: 1763 Allows for more coal production

Steam Engine Steam combustion runs engine Drains water out of mines Allows for more coal production

BRITISH COAL PRODUCTION 1700 : 2.7 million tons 1750 : 4.7 million tons 1800 : 10 million tons 1850 : 50 million tons

APPLYING THE STEAM ENGINE

COMMERCIAL STEAMBOAT INVENTOR: ROBERT FULTON YEAR: 1807 IMPACT: SAIL BULK GOODS EFFECTIVELY ACROSS WATERWAYS

THE LOCOMOTIVE INVENTOR: GEORGE STEPHENSON YEAR: 1814 IMPACT: MOVE HEAVIER LOADS FASTER

CANAL SYSTEM CONNECTS MAJOR WATERWAYS HAUL HEAVY LOADS THAT HORSES CAN’T

WHERE DO PEOPLE GO? Factories make production cheaper, easier Small, independent businesses go under People forced to move to cities

A GREAT MIGRATION In your notes, look at the chart measuring population density and the table for city growth. How many cities have more than 100,000 people by 1911? How many times bigger are the populations in 1891 on the table than the populations in 1801?

THERE’S ALWAYS ONE… Resistance forms against industrialization LUDDITES ARE BIGGEST GROUP Named for “Ned Ludd” People attack modern machines Government forced to combat problem

“Meanwhile, at social Industry's command,  How quick, how vast an increase. From the germ  Of some poor hamlet, rapidly produced  Here a huge town, continuous and compact,  Hiding the face of earth for leagues-and there,  Where not a habitation stood before,  Abodes of men irregularly massed  Like trees in forests,-spread through spacious tracts,  O'er which the smoke of unremitting fires  Hangs permanent, and plentiful as wreaths  Of vapour glittering in the morning sun.  And, wheresoe'er the traveller turns his steps,  He sees the barren wilderness erased,  Or disappearing…” –William Wordsworth

Rev. Edward Stanley The most intense curiosity and excitement prevailed... and ... enormous masses of densely packed people lined the road, shouting and waving hats and handkerchiefs as we flew by them. What with the sight and sound of these cheering multitudes and the tremendous velocity with which we were borne past them, my spirits rose to true champagne height.... 

WHAT DO THEY HAVE IN COMMON?