NORTH AFRICA & SOUTHWEST ASIA II (Chapter 7, pages )

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Presentation transcript:

NORTH AFRICA & SOUTHWEST ASIA II (Chapter 7, pages 240-257)

The Impact of Oil High incomes Modernization Industrialization Intra-realm migration Inter-realm migration Regional disparities Foreign investment

Oil and Natural Gas Reserves

Regions of the Realm

Egypt and the Lower Nile Basin Continuous civilization > 5,000 years 95% of Egypt's 76.4 million people live within 20 km (12 miles) of the Nile Irrigation Basin Perennial (mid-1800s) Aswan High Dam (1968) Increased agricultural output by 50% Provides 40% of Egypt’s electricity Environmental issues

Sudan Confluence of White and Blue Nile North-south split North: Arabized, Muslim South: African, Christianized Oil in the desert Darfur

The Maghreb and Its Neighbors

The Maghreb and Its Neighbors The Maghreb dominated by the Atlas Mountains Fertile coastline (The Tell) Rain shadow effect Morocco — last of the North African kingdoms Algeria — a secular republic with religious-political problems Tunisia — smallest and most Westernized of the Maghreb countries Libya — oil-rich desert state with a coastal orientation

Maghreb Saharan Neighbors Mauritania: Large, sparsely populated, most Islamized Mali: Dependent on water of upper Niger River Niger: Among world’s least urbanized countries Chad: Strongest split between Muslim north and animist/Christian south

Middle East

Iraq U.S. invasion and overthrow of Sunni Muslim regime of Saddam Hussein (2003) Regions of Iraq Sunni Northwest Sunni Triangle (center) Shi’ite (oilfields) Kurdish (oilfields)

Middle East Syria: Jordan: Lebanon: Minority rule by Alawites Sufficient rainfall for non-irrigated farming Jordan: Palestinian refugees Loss of West Bank (1967) Lebanon: Religious and ethnic strife Conflicts with neighbors

Israel

Israel UN partition plan for Palestine Division into Jewish and Arab areas Proclamation of Israeli independence (May 14, 1948) 1948: Arab invasion (war of independence) Egyptian, Iraqi, Jordanian, and Syrian forces Israel seizes more land than prescribed under UN mandate

Israel Arab – Israeli conflicts 1956: Suez War 1967: Six-day War – Israel gains control of: Gaza Strip from Egypt Sinai Peninsula from Egypt West Bank of the Jordan River from Jordan East sector of Jerusalem from Jordan Golan Heights from Syria 1973: Yom Kippur War

Arab-Israeli Conflict Palestinians as stateless nation West Bank and Jewish settlements Golan Heights The Security Barrier The Gaza Strip (turned over to Palestinian Authority)

The Struggle for Jerusalem Sacred to Judaism, Christianity, Islam Judaism: Ancient capital Christianity: Jesus’ crucifixion, resurrection Islam: Ascension of Prophet Muhammad to heaven