Unit #2 – East Asia Lesson #6 China – Mao to Now Unit #2 – East Asia Lesson #6

Chinese Civil War After the last emperor surrendered the throne in 1911… Civil War broke out Three factions: Communists Nationalists War Lords

History of China 1911-1949 1911 – The emperor resigned Civil War broke out 1937 – Japan invaded China (start of World War II) 1945 – Japan defeated by USA China claimed they defeated Japan 1949 – Communists defeated Nationalists Nationalists retreated to Taiwan We claimed Taiwan was “the” China

Communist Victory p. 351-353 THE COMMUNISTS A ONE PARTY DICTATORSHIP 1. China ended up in a Civil War. Who won? (answer can be found in second paragraph) 2. What would the new Chinese government be? (answer can be found in section labeled “Creating a New Order” on p. 352) 3. What did Mao expect China to become? (answer can be found in section labeled “Mao’s Leadership,” second paragraph on p. 352) THE COMMUNISTS A ONE PARTY DICTATORSHIP SELF – SUFFICIENT AND DEPENDENT ON HIM (AND OBEDIENT TO HIM)

China became a Communist Nation Mao Zedong – Leader Chairman Mao (Chairman of Communist Party) He had a cult-like following Tried to “fix” China Feed the masses Modernize the nation Created a communist Nation – meaning: - Everyone is equal

Revolutionary Goals (p. 354-355) A BETTER LIFE FOR THE POOR What did Mao promise? (section: “Revolutionary Goals”) What did the Communist (leaders) say had to be destroyed, in order to build their economy? (second paragraph on p. 355) A BETTER LIFE FOR THE POOR THE OLD CLASS SYSTEM (That means, the old system in which the rich people controlled everything, and the poor had nothing)

Great Leap Forward & Cultural Revolution What was the goal of the Great leap Forward? (section is labeled) 2. After the Great Leap plan failed, what did Mao “launch”? (section labeled “Cultural Revolution”) 3. What was the goal of this new plan? MODERNIZATION (it was WAY too ambitious) (and people rebelled…) THE GREAT PROLETARIAN CULTURAL REVOLUTION RENEW THE REVOLUTIONARY SPIRIT (of communism)

CULTURAL REVOLUTION Red Guards Little Red Book 1966 – 1976 Forced re-education (teenagers) (Quotations from Chairman Mao) Lives were disrupted China stagnated Mao Died 1976 Red Guards Little Red Book

New China p. 360 (Social Changes) p. 361 (Family Life) 1. What was it that the Communists set out to do? (label: Social Changes) 2. What did the government try to ensure? 3. What did the leaders try to do about the influence of the family? (look for the label “Family Life” on p. 361) BUILD A CLASSLESS SOCIETY; EVERYONE IS EQUAL ENSURE EQUALITY BY OUTLAWING PRIVATE PROPERTY WEAKEN THE INFLUENCE OF THE FAMILY

MODERN HISTORY of CHINA – Post Mao

Deng Xiaoping 1981-1997 Focus: modernization Goal: Responsibility System

History of China 1949-1981 1949 – Mao Zedong started Communist China “The People’s Republic of China” - Korean War started North Korean (Communists) invaded South China invaded Korea to support the North 1954 – Start of the Great Leap Forward which was horribly destructive 1966 – Start of the Cultural Revolution which was horribly disruptive 1981 – Start of the Responsibility System which was a wonderful success

Tiananmen Square Massacre Students protested for more free speech (1989) More than a million protestors Government demanded thy stop – sent in tankss Thousands massacred Famous “tank man” click

Population Explosion Largest population in the world Surpassed 1.5 Billion people Goal: decrease population One-Child/family rule

Modern China Improved Relations with the West Modern Military Started becoming more like the West Still with a Chinese flair

CHINA - MILITARY Second largest military in world Over 1 million soldiers Strength was is numbers Very dangerous to US military in the region Now, strength is in (stolen) technology

Other Asian nations TAIWAN KOREA TIBET

TAIWAN After the Chinese Civil War, the Nationalists (losers) escaped to Taiwan. (1949)

TAIWAN Started out as new home of losers of Civil War Huge Middle Class Have only 1% poverty (comparison: USA has 12% poverty)

KOREA Split into North and South, 1949 North invaded South 1950 stopped by UN (USA) in Korean War South is wealthy -North is very poor 21

NORTH KOREA Korean War ended 1953 Kim Jong-un NORTH KOREA Korean War ended 1953 Communist North Korea focused on building military strength North Korean dictator is very anti-American Result: Poor economy Strong military Kim Jong-un demands complete obedience

North Korea is Number One: It has the greatest wealth inequality in the world. It is the most closed and secretive country in the world. It is the most purely Communist/Marxist/Collectivist country in the world. It is the most anti-American country in the world. It has the highest %of the population in concentration camp slavery. It has the highest long-term starvation level of any country in the world. It threatens other countries with nuclear war more than any other country in the world. It has the greatest amount of physical and mental stunting of children in the world, through malnutrition. North Koreans are 3″ to 6″ shorter than South Koreans. It is the first country to retrogress into a royal aristocracy in the last 100 years, that has achieved blood line succession to the third generation. It is the most militaristic country in the world, proud of its “Military First” policy, which calls for the starvation of lower class peasants, to provide more money for the upper class to buy military weapons. It has the most extreme personality cult in the world, in which people have been tortured and murdered by the government, for not crying loud enough at a funeral.

TIBET Taken over by China in 1949 (end of Civil War) Run by Tibetan Buddhists King is the Dalai Lama Lamas remember past lives Dalai Lama now lives in exile 14th Dalai Lama

Mao’s Great Leap Forward 52 min documentary Mao’s China 45 min documentary