Ch. 17: Non Renewable Resources

Oil of Wilderness on Alaska’s North Slope? Oil has been extracted from parts of Alaska’s North Slope since 1977. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) contains oil deposits but oil exploration has been forbidden. In 1980, a region called the 1002 Area was designated for future decision making. Today, a debate rages as to whether oil drilling should be allowed. Talk About It How might oil exploration in the 1002 Area affect the surrounding people and wilderness? 2

Lesson 17.1- Energy: An Overview The United States has only 4.5% of the world’s population but uses 21.1% of the world’s energy. 3

What Is Energy? The ability to do work or cause a change Kinetic energy: Due to motion Potential energy: Due to an object’s position or shape 4

Forms of Energy Mechanical: Associated with the motion and position of an object; can be kinetic or potential Electrical: Associated with electric charges; can be kinetic or potential Thermal: Kinetic energy of atoms and molecules— the faster atoms and molecules move in an object, the warmer it becomes Overhead transmission lines carry electrical current. 5

Forms of Energy continued… Electromagnetic: Kinetic energy that travels as waves Chemical: Potential energy stored in molecular bonds Nuclear: Potential energy stored by forces that hold atomic nuclei together Chemical energy is stored in food. 6

Energy Conversion and Efficiency Energy cannot be destroyed; it can only be converted, or changed, from one form to another. Energy efficiency is an expression of how much of the energy put into a system actually does useful work. First Flight The combustion of gasoline powered the first airplane as it flew over the beach in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, on December 17, 1903. 7

Energy Sources and Uses Renewable: Nearly always available or replaceable in a relatively short time; includes sunlight, wind, flowing water, heat from Earth Nonrenewable: Cannot be replaced in a reasonable time; includes fossil fuels and nuclear energy Energy Use Four uses of energy: Industrial, transportation, residential, commercial Developed nations tend to use more energy than developing nations. Wind power is a renewable energy source. 8

World Patterns Developed countries use much more energy than developing countries. However, energy use in some of the developing countries like China is growing rapidly. Even between developed countries, there are marked differences: Canada and US use twice as much energy as Japan and Switzerland.

How energy is generated Why the Differences? Personal income How energy is generated How energy is used

How Does the U.S. Use Energy?

The types of energy used by the United States

Energy Use Everything we eat or wear requires energy for production. The price of every product or service reflects the cost of energy. Huge differences in usage throughout the world

Bill Nye: Energy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qmSzMwTkpk&t=795s

One quarter of global coal reserves are found in the United States. Lesson 17.2 - Fossil Fuels One quarter of global coal reserves are found in the United States. 15

Non Renewable Resources Energy sources that are used and consumed faster (by humans) than nature produces them. Examples include metals, coal, oil, natural gas, petroleum, and nuclear generated power. Coal & natural gas take centuries to form. Oil takes billions of years to form. This is because they are fossil fuels.

HOW ARE OIL AND GAS MADE ???

HOW IS COAL MADE ???

Coal Formed from plant remains subjected to high heat and pressures over millions of years Provides 1/4 of the world’s energy Compared to other fossil fuels, coal is cheap, needs little processing, and is easy to transport. How Coal Forms Did You Know? Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel on Earth. 20

Oil Dark, liquid fossil fuel made up mostly of hydrocarbons Formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms and found in underground deposits Used in fuel for cars, trucks, planes, ships Used in chemical compounds (petrochemicals) Also known as petroleum 21

Drilling and Refining Oil After crude oil is extracted from the ground, it is separated into different fuels in a refinery. Primary extraction: Oil flows out of the well, because it is already under pressure. Secondary extraction: Increased pressure or injections needed to remove oil 22

Natural Gas Primarily methane gas with small amounts of other gases mixed in Often found above oil or coal deposits Much less polluting than coal or oil and releases more energy when combusted Used for heating, appliances (stoves, dryers), and making electricity 23

Fossil Fuel Supply Consumption is still rising, but new fossil fuels do not form on a human timescale. New oil sources—oil sands, oil shale, methane hydrates— are expensive, energy-intensive, and can be hazardous to obtain. Coal sources are still relatively abundant, but not infinite. Did You Know? Some studies suggest we have extracted nearly half Earth’s oil, and that U.S. coal supplies may last just 130 years. 24

BP Oil Spill Disaster Videos https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zlw1ANlaeWI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=83EwglrnvlU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fhvTHyEEJpo 25