2nd Wave Imperialism

Definition of Imperialism - The practice of one country extending its control over the territory, political system, or economic life of another country.

Industrial revolution Need for raw materials Desire for markets New technology New medicines Causes of 2nd wave

2nd wave causes Nationalism Symbol of “great power” Pride in controlling every remote piece of land Politically popular Superiority complex Social Darwinism 2nd wave causes

The Scramble for Africa The focus of most of Europe’s imperialist activities in the 19th century was Africa. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pis5f085P3M Or Africa’s great Civ – start at south Africa

The Scramble for Africa Until 1880’s only the coastlines of Africa had been colonized or explored Gold, ivory and slaves had been taken from these colonies The slave trade ended in the in the 1800’s but European powers now had control of most of the African coast The Scramble for Africa

Internal Reasons for Imperialism African nations lacked unity No common language Lack of common culture Wars between different groups Lack of technology Guns germs steel

Rules for the Colonization of Africa In 1884 European powers trying to colonize Africa were coming into conflict. To avoid further conflict 14 European powers set up rules for colonizing Africa. No members of the African community were present. The Berlin Conference

Results of the Conference In 1850 most of Africa had been free. By 1914 only Liberia and Ethiopia were free of European control.

Europe goes after Middle East Ottoman Empire has difficulty adapting to the modern world Bad leadership and military refusal to modernize Greece and Serbia able to break away The rest of Europe smells blood in the water

The British in India Up to the 1600’s India subcontinent was ruled over by many different groups simultaneously. The most powerful of the groups were the Mughals.

The British Arrive - 1600 East India Co. – Wanted to monopolize the spice trade out of India. E.I.C. negotiate with Mughals for trade ports and build factories out of Bengal in exchange for naval support from Britain.

1760 – 1887 Constant wars in India British decide only way to stop wars is to take control British control India by 1818 Sepoy Mutiny - Indian Revolt of 1857 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yXKbd5IDzU

Why India Plantation products Indigo – dye for cloth Coffee – south America not a big producer yet Cotton – increased production during US civil war Opium – traded this highly addictive drug to china for tea which was England’s favorite drink

China Opium Wars – mankind Boxer Rebellion - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4QdEKjEg88

Japan Tokugawa period 250 years of eternal peace Govt ran by Shogun Long peace Cause well educated population Well functioning commercial market system Most urbanized country by 1750 Emerging capitalist system

American Intrusion and Meiji Restoration Japan had been closed to westerners since 1600s Commodore Perry 1853 – USA Open up ports to USA or else Japan saw what happened in China so gave in Shogunate looses a lot of support

Meijie Restoration This gave Japan some time to self-help Restore the power to the emperor (the Meiji) Also sought to Modernize Japan Caused a brief civil war US preoccupied Wanted to get into China Ottoman empire getting weaker US Civil War This gave Japan some time to self-help

Meiji Restoration “self-strengthening” policies End old feudalism Modern military or be conquered End old feudalism Samurai found jobs in military or bureaucracy Western fascination Sent students abroad Universal education women too Industrial revolution Peasants slip into poverty Poor working conditions Some riots

Impacts of Imperialism Japanese-Russo War – Japan expands and Russian Tsar weakened https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-x4VcmHfxU&list=PLC5CE0BBB9AB8FFAC&index=18 Japan takes Taiwan and Korea by 1910 China – falls under European sphere of influence. Weakened Emperor Henry Puyi – 1911 ends reign https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NIC4zom3w0g Forced industrialization in colonies Artisans loose income Western education spreads

Impacts of Imperialism Traditional societies change No longer subsistence farming Women’s role change Communities to cities Communities to tribes Changing religion Deepening religious divide in India

Impacts of Imperialism Introduction of private property rights African farmers were pushed on to marginal lands Economies all oriented to exporting raw materials (“primary produce”) and generating revenue for colonial power

What is Africa's political and economic status today? When colonialism fell in the last half of the 20th century, conflict followed. The boundaries of the colonies were artificial and did not reflect cultural identities. For over two hundred years, Africans were not allowed to develop their own economic infrastructure or develop governments. Consequently, when the colonies obtained freedom, military dictators often ruled. Killing wars, poverty, and disease followed. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pw12KGSj53k