Presidential Approaches to Cybersecurity Comparisons and Predictions of America’s Approach to National Security

Importance “Cyber Terrorism could also become more attractive as the real and virtual worlds become more closely coupled” -Dorothy E. Denning Professor in the Defense Analysis Department at the Naval Postgraduate School

Issues With the constant advancement and increased reliance on technology it is hard to combat cyber attacks because hackers evolve alongside technology.

The Bush Administration

"Securing cyberspace is an extraordinarily difficult strategic challenge that requires a coordinated and focused effort from our entire society--the federal government, state and local government, the private sector and the American people," -President Bush

Policy & Department development Department of Homeland Security Executive Order 13231, President’s Critical Infrastructure Protection Board Cybersecurity Research and Development Act (2002) National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace (2003) Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative (2008)

Major Attacks September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center Cyber Storms (2006)

The Obama Administration

“So shortly after I took office, before I had gray hair, I said that these cyber threats were one of the most serious economic national security challenges that we face as a nation, and I made confronting them a priority.” - President Obama

Policy & department development Cyberspace Policy Review (2009) Declassified Bush’s CNCI (2010) U.S. Cyber Command (2010) Cyber Information Sharing Act (2015)

Major attacks Stuxnet Worm Chinese Hacking Syndicates WikiLeaks Edward Snowden

The Trump Administration

"In a little while, I'd like to address one of the most important aspects of America's national security, and that's cyber security. To truly make America safe, we must make cyber security a major priority, which I don't believe we're doing right now, for both government and the private sector." -President Trump

Pre-Presidential In the late stages of the election, it was proven that Vladimir Putin, Russian President, aimed a cyberattack on democratic party institutions in an attempt to weaken Clinton’s chance at the presidency.

Policy President Trump had scheduled to release an executive order regarding cybersecurity by the end of January The order would have had the cybersecurity departments model their practices after the private sector, however the order was postponed Trump tweeted that a full report would be out within 90 days however it has yet to be released

Common Themes

Sources http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A50606-2002Jun26_4.html http://www.cybersecurityhalloffame.com/content/timeline/Cyber-Security-Cyber-Security-Timeline https://www.usnews.com/topics/subjects/cybersecurity https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/02/09/fact-sheet-cybersecurity-national-action-plan https://www.dhs.gov/cybersecurity-overview https://www.us-cert.gov/about-us https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/chinese-hackers-breach-federal-governments-personnel-office/2015/06/04/889c0e52- 0af7-11e5-95fd-d580f1c5d44e_story.html?utm_term=.1440478a83cf http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-cybersecurity-rankings-idUSKCN0XB27K https://www.dhs.gov/cyber-safety http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=4457451&page=1 https://www.cnet.com/news/bush-unveils-final-cybersecurity-plan/ http://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/03/07/wikileaks-releases-entire-hacking-capacity-cia.html https://wikileaks.org/ https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/21/us/politics/china-us-cyber-spying.html?_r=0 http://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-cybersecurity-executive-order/ http://www.politico.com/story/2017/04/20/trump-cybersecurity-hackers-237385 http://www.economist.com/blogs/analects/2013/02/chinese-cyber-attacks https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/infocus/bushrecord/documents/Policies_of_the_Bush_Administration.pdf http://thehill.com/policy/technology/84513-declassified-wh-cybersecurity-report-specifie