Nasal and Temporal Region Tony Serino, Ph.D. Clinical Anatomy

Nasal and Temporal Region: Topic Objectives Be able to list and identify the parts of nasal and temporal region including skeletal, muscle, nervous and blood supply Be able to identify on X-ray the paranasal sinuses and their relationships to the nasal cavity Understand the relationship between olfaction and meningitis risk Be able to outline the transmission of sound through the ear Be able to explain sound translation with regard to loudness and pitch physiologically and anatomically Be able to contrast the differences between static and dynamic equilibrium

Superficial Muscles Nasalis Zygomaticus Levator labii superioris

Nasal Cartilages Lateral cartilage Sesamoid cartilage Septal cartilage Alar cartilage Nostril

Nasal Cavity Yellow rods indicate openings to paranasal sinuses Frontal Sinus Vestibule Auditory Tube Yellow rods indicate openings to paranasal sinuses

Paranasal Sinuses Ethmoid Frontal Sphenoid Maxillary

Conchae & Nasal Septum Superior concha Middle concha Inferior concha Perpendicular plate Septal cart. Nasal Septum Vomer Nasal Crest

Arterial Supply to Nose Ant. ethmoid a., branch of ophthalmic a. Sphenopalatine a., branch of maxillary Kiesselbach area

Nasal Innervation Except for Olfactory area, served by CN V, V1 above dotted line V2 below

Olfaction Sense

Olfaction Signal Transduction

Temporal Region Facial n. Parotid Parotid duct G. Auricular n. Ext. Jugular Facial a.

Parotid Region Ext. Acoustic Meatus Styloid Process IJV Accessory n. Vagus n. Glossopharyngeal n Int. Carotid Ext. Carotid Hypoglossal n. SCM

TMJ Mandibular fossa TMJ articular disc Mandibular condyle (head) Lateral Pterygoid m.

Infratemporal Fossa

Infratemporal Fossa

Sound

Frequency vs. Loudness Frequency measured in hertz (Hz) Loudness measured in decibels (dB)

Anatomy of the Ear Helix Lobe Tragus

Middle and Inner Ear Umbo Malleolar Prominence Core of Light Arm IV I III II

Other Important Structures in Tympanic Cavity

Ossicles Amplify Sound

Loud Sound Protection

Cochlea and Cochlear Duct

Frequency Perception Different frequency (pitch) of sound stimulates different areas of cochlear duct The overall area stimulated relates to the sound intensity

Vestibular Apparatus

Macula of Utricle and Saccule Otoconia (otoliths)

Ampulla Anatomy