Chapter 5: Life in the American Colonies U.S. History Chapter 5: Life in the American Colonies Lesson 3: Culture and Society

Essential Question I n w h a t w a y s w a s a n A m e r i c a n c u l t u r e d e v e l o p i n g d u r i n g t h e c o l o n i a l P e r i o d ? In what ways was an American culture developing during the colonial period?

Section 2-Polling Question Which part of a culture defines it the most? A. Religion B. Education C. Family roles A B C

Life in the Colonies In the America’s, settlers faced new challenges. The old ways of doing things no longer worked People began doing things in different ways – their own way

Life in the Colonies Still continued to grow Immigration increased 1700- 250,000 1770’s- 2,500,000 African Americans- 28,000 to more than 500,000 Large families Colonial women married young and had many children

Many women died during childbirth Outbreaks of small pox Epidemics – large outbreaks of disease

Family Roles Men were the head of the household Men worked in the fields, built barns, houses, and fences Sons could be indentured servants or apprentices Apprentice – a person trained by a skilled craftsman

Family Roles Women ran the household and cared for the children Many worked in the fields with their husbands Married women had few rights Unmarried women might work for wealthy families as a maid Widows might be teachers, nurses, or seamstresses Widows or unmarried could run business and own property Women could not vote

Education Parents taught children to read and write New England and Pennsylvania set up schools to learn to read and study the Bible 1647- Massachusetts Puritans passed a public education law Each community with 50 or more homes were required to have a school By 1750- New England had a high literacy rate (85% of men) Night schools were set up for apprentices Colleges were set up to train ministers Puritans set up Harvard in 1626

Which was the first college in North America? A. William and Mary Section 2 Which was the first college in North America? A. William and Mary B. Princeton C. Harvard D. University of Virginia A B C D

The First Great Awakening A religious revival through the colonies from the 1720’s-1740’s New England and Middle Colonies ministers called for “a new birth” Leaders were Jonathon Edwards and George Whitefield Led to the formation of many new churches

The Enlightenment Many educated people were influenced by the Enlightenment Based on the idea that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society Interest in science increased People observed nature, staged experiments, and published findings Best known American scientist was Ben Franklin

The Enlightenment also brought about ideas of freedom of thought and expression Equality Popular government

Freedom of Press Newspapers carried news about politics Often the government did not like what newspapers wrote and censored them Publishers fought this censorship. Their battle helped a free press to grow in the colonies and continue in the United States.

Freedom of Press 1735- John Peter Zenger of the New York Weekly Journal was charged with libel Printed a critical report about the royal governor of New York Zenger’s lawyer (Andrew Hamilton) argued that freedom of speech was a basic English right Hamilton told the jury to make their decision on whether Zenger printed the truth, not whether it was offensive Jury found Zenger not guilty Important step in the development of a free press in America

Distinct religious and educational ideas contributed to the culture Essential Question In what ways was an American culture developing during the colonial period? - The colonists adopted ideas of limited government and representative government. Distinct religious and educational ideas contributed to the culture Family was the basis of society Interest in science and invention grew Freedom of press was defended I n w h a t w a y s w a s a n A m e r i c a n c u l t u r e d e v e l o p i n g d u r i n g t h e c o l o n i a l P e r i o d ?

Chapter 5 Section 2

Most colonists placed a high value on education. True False

The Enlightenment was a religious movement. True False

The case involving John Peter Zenger was an important step in establishing free press in America. True False

What is the name of the first college founded in North America? Harvard Cambridge William and Mary Yale

Date ________ Class _________ Name: ____________________ Which of the following means producing just enough to meet the families' needs, with little left over to sell or exchange? harvesting subsistence farming cash crop Tidewater farming The most inhumane aspect of the triangular trade was the Southern Route. merchant trade route. Middle Passage. fishing trade. Where were most of the large Southern plantations located? backcountry Tidewater coastal areas flatlands The plantation bosses who kept the enslaved Africans working hard were called overseers. slaveholders. employers. supervisors. Which group controlled the economic and political life of the Southern Colonies? merchants teachers farmers plantation owners Date ________ Class _________ Name: ____________________ Chapter 5 Lesson 1 1. ____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____