Section 2-Polling Question Which part of a culture defines it the most? A. Religion B. Education C. Family roles A B C

Chapter 5 Growth of the Thirteen Colonies (1607-1770) Section 2 Government, Religion, Culture

Essential Question In what ways was an American culture developing during the colonial Period? In what ways was an American culture developing during the colonial period?

Trouble in England Charles II was king Many people were not satisfied with his rule James II, Charles successor, tried to take powers back Parliament had taken some away during the English Civil War Also wanted to tighten control of the colonies 1688 Parliament forced out James and replaced him with his daughter Mary and her Dutch husband, William of Orange The change demonstrated the power of the elected representatives over the monarch Known as the Glorious Revolution William and Mary signed the English Bill of Rights in 1689 Gave basic rights to all citizens

England’s View of it’s Colonies An economic resource that should provide raw materials (lumber) English manufacturers used these resources to produce finished goods Then sold them back to the colonists This is an economic theory called mercantilism The theory states that as a nation’s trade grows, its gold reserves increase and the nation then becomes more powerful England had to export more than it imported CLASS NOTES

To Ensure England Benefited Parliament passed several laws from 1651-1673 the Navigation Acts directed trade between England and the Colonies Made colonists use ships made in England or the Colonies Prevented Colonists from shipping certain products (tobacco and sugar) outside of England’s empire Colonists accepted these laws, but later resented them Wanted to make and sell their own manufactured goods where they could get higher prices Colonists ignored these laws and began smuggling with other nations CLASS NOTES

Colonial Governments Colonists had ideas about government when they arrived Political liberties like trial by jury, limited government, and representative government They believed that government was not all powerful First appeared in the Magna Carta-established limited government Included: protection against unfair punishment Protected against the loss of life, liberty, and property CLASS NOTES

Colonial Government As the colonies grew, town meetings grew into small governments Made local laws By the 1760’s there were three types of Colonies in America Charter Colonies Proprietary Colonies Royal Colonies All three elect their lower house representatives CLASS NOTES

Charter Colonies Connecticut and Rhode Island Given a charter to establish a colony Colonists elected their own governor and members of the legislature Great Britain had the right to approve the governor The governor could not veto the acts of the legislature

Proprietary Colony Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania Ruled by proprietors (owners) Free to rule as they wish Proprietors appointed the governor and members of the upper house of the legislature Colonists elected the lower house

Royal Colonies By 1760’s- Georgia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia Britain directly ruled King appointed a governor and council (Upper House) Colonists elected the Lower House Governor and council usually did what British leaders told them to do Often led to conflict with the colonists in the assembly Most when officials tried to enforce tax laws and trade restrictions

Voting Rights Only some people had voting rights Generally, white men who owned property In spite of limits, the proportion of people involved in government was higher in the colonies 80-90% higher

Great Awakening A religious revival through the colonies from the 1720’s-1740’s New England and Middle Colonies ministers called for “a new birth” Leaders were Jonathon Edwards and George Whitefield Led to the formation of many new churches CLASS NOTES

Family Roles Men were the head of the household Men worked in the fields, built barns, houses, and fences Sons could be indentured servants or apprentices Women ran the household and cared for the children Many worked in the fields with their husbands Married women had few rights Unmarried women might work for wealthy families as a maid Widows might be teachers, nurses, or seamstresses Widows or unmarried could run business and own property Women could not vote

Education Parents taught children to read and write New England and Pennsylvania set up schools to learn to read and study the Bible 1647- Massachusetts Puritans passed a public education law Each community with 50 or more homes were required to have a school By 1750- New England had a high literacy rate (85% of men) Night schools were set up for apprentices Colleges were set up to train ministers Puritans set up Harvard in 1626

The Enlightenment Many educated people were influenced by the Enlightenment Based on the idea that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society Interest in science increased People observed nature, staged experiments, and published findings Best known American scientist was Ben Franklin CLASS NOTES

Freedom of Press 1735- John Peter Zenger of the New York Weekly Journal was charged with libel Printed a critical report about the royal governor of New York Zenger’s lawyer (Andrew Hamilton) argued that freedom of speech was a basic English right Hamilton told the jury to make their decision on whether Zenger printed the truth, not whether it was offensive Jury found Zenger not guilty Important step in the development of a free press in America

Distinct religious and educational ideas contributed to the culture Essential Question In what ways was an American culture developing during the colonial period? - The colonists adopted ideas of limited government and representative government. Distinct religious and educational ideas contributed to the culture Family was the basis of society Interest in science and invention grew Freedom of press was defended In what ways was an American culture developing during the colonial Period?