Leaders South President of Confederate States of America North Fought in the Mexican American War Was a U.S. Senator and Secretary of State Believed in States’ Rights North 16th President Republican Party Wants to Preserve the Union at first Later, wants to fight for the freedom of slaves.

Generals North Ulisses S. Grant Leader of the Union Army Not as experienced or skilled as Lee South Robert E. Lee Leader of the Confederate Army Highly experienced

Advantages

Advantages

War Strategy North (Anaconda Plan) Anaconda Plan (snake that strangles its prey to death) Union commanders wanted a military blockade They hoped to gain control of the Mississippi River to cut the Confederacy in two, along the Mississippi River. South (Attrition) Defensive war of attrition (tire the North) The defensive stance was necessary because whenever Southern soldiers went on the offensive, they suffered heavy casualties.

Where did most Civil War battles take place?

Fort Sumter Sumter today Old Fort Sumter The first battle of the Civil War Took place at Fort Sumter in South Carolina on April 12 and 13, 1861. After 34 hours of fighting, the Union surrendered the fort to the Confederates. Casualties: none (only a mule) Winner: the Confederates Significance: First battle of Civil War. Old Fort Sumter

1st Bull Run Took place in Manassas, Virginia Casualties: Union-2,446, Confederate-1,600 Winner: Confederates Significance: Casualties shocked the North and South. They now believed the war would not be quick nor easy.

Antietam The single bloodiest day of the Civil War Took place in the state of Maryland Lee invaded Maryland hoping the state would help the South. Instead, Lee was pinned down at Antietam creek by George McClellan after his plans were discovered wrapped around some cigars. Casualties: Union-12,410 Confederate-13,724 Winner: Union…barely! Significance: One of only 2 major battles fought in the North. The bloodiest day of the war. The Union forced Lee back to the South. This victory inspired Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation

Vicksburg The Mississippi River was the single most important economic feature of the US. Confederate forces closed the river, which hurt the northern economy. Union General Grant with his army established a line of trenches and dirt forts around Vicksburg and cut it off from supply and communications with the outside world.

Vicksburg Took place in Vicksburg, Mississippi Casualties: Union: 10,142 Confederate: 9,091 Winner: Union Significance: The battle of Vicksburg allowed the Union to control the Mississippi river. The Confederacy was split in two by the river.

Gettysburg Took place in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Confederate General Robert E. Lee invaded the north by arriving in Pennsylvania. After 3 days by the end of the battle General Lee retreated to back to Virginia Casualties: Union-23,049 Confederate-28,063 Winner: Union Significance: The turning point of the war. Signaled that the north will win.

Gettysburg Address About 4 months after the Battle of Gettysburg, Lincoln gave a speech during a memorial service for the soldiers. The Gettysburg Address inspired Union soldiers to continue fighting for their country and the end of slavery.

Sherman’s March to the Sea Took place in Atlanta, Georgia From November 15 until December 21, 1864, Union General William T. Sherman led some 60,000 soldiers on a 285-mile march from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia. The purpose of this “March to the Sea” was to scare the people of Georgia. Sherman’s soldiers stole food and livestock and burned the houses and barns of people who tried to fight back. Casualties: Union-31,623 Confederate-35,044 Winner: Union

Significance: Sherman’s “total war” in Georgia was brutal and destructive and it hurt Southern morale (strength to fight). Sherman wanted everyone to feel the horrors of the war not just the soldiers but the civilians as well. General William Tecumseh Sherman Sherman’s march to the sea MAP

Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse On April 9, 1865 Robert E. Lee surrendered his army of Northern Virginia in a little village called Appomattox Courthouse. Lee surrendered formally to Ulysses S. Grant. The North wins the Civil War!

African-Americans in the War Frederick Douglass encouraged other African Americans to join the Union n army. African-Americans joined the Union army because they supported Lincoln. They were paid less than white soldiers and had to buy their own uniforms. The first group of all black troops against the Confederacy in South Carolina was the 54th regiment. Overall, 200,000 African-Americans fought for the Union and over 37,000 died. Later, in June 1864 Congress passed a bill that stated black and white Union soldiers would receive equal pay. Frederick Douglas

Why did the North win the Civil War?