Semester 1 Exam Topics

Math (Chapter 2) Graphing (IV vs DV; DRY MIX) Scientific Notation Significant Digits SI Units and the Metric System Density Dimensional Analysis (Unit Conversions) Measurement (use the right equipment and be able to read it) Accuracy vs precison Percent error

Math (Chapter 2) Can you? Convert 3.55 L into mL? Given 0.004570 g Identify the number of sig figs Express it in scientific notation Name common SI units and describe what they are used for When I balanced my checkbook, I had a balance of $125. According to the bank my balance is $115. What’s the percent error in my account balance? What’s the difference between accuracy and precision? A substance has a density of 0.75 g/mL. You have 1.5 g of the substance? What is its volume?

Intro concepts (Chapter 3) States of matter (properties, particle arrangements) Forms of matter Pure substances vs mixtures Elements vs compounds Homogeneous mixtures (solutions) vs heterogeneous Separations (distillation, filtration, chromatography) Safety in the lab Physical vs Chemical Properties Intensive physical properties vs. Extensive physical properties Physical vs. Chemical Changes Percent composition

Basic Atomic Structure (Chapter 4) What are the subatomic particles (locations, relative charges, relative mass)? What experiments led to their discovery/ characterization? What atomic models arose from these experiments What were contributions of Democritus? Dalton? Thomson? Rutherford? Chadwick? How do ions form? Cations vs. anions What are isotopes? Average atomic mass

Periodic Table (Chapter 6) Mendeleev & Moseley Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids (locations on table and typical properties) Periods vs. Groups/Families What do families/groups have in common and why? Blocks (s,p,d,f) Special families and their properties (why do they have similar properties?) Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Halogens Noble gases Trends (MERI) What are the structural explanation for the trends?

Quantum Model & Electron Configurations (Chapter 5) Famous names Planck, Schrodinger, Einstein, deBroglie, Pauli, Heisenberg, Bohr Can you describe the principles, models associated with these names? Quantum numbers (n, l, m, s) s, p, d, f orbitals (where are they, how many of each kind) Writing and interpreting electron configurations Full vs. shorthand Where are the valence electrons? Electron filling diagrams (arrows in boxes) Electron dot diagrams

Quantum Model & Electron Configurations (Chapter 5) If n = 4 What sublevels are present? How many total orbitals are present? How many total electrons can be held? Write the full and shorthand configuration for Bromine. Put a box around the valence electrons Draw the orbital filling diagram Draw the Lewis dot diagram

Chemical Bonding (Chapters 8 & 9) Which part of the atom is involved? Ionic vs Covalent vs Metallic When do they occur? How do they differ? Electronegativity differences and bond types (Ionic, Nonpolar Covalent, Polar Covalent) Drawing structural formulas VSEPR theory (name shapes) Identifying a whole molecule as polar or nonpolar (SNAP)

Names, Formulas, & Oxidation(charge) #s(Chapters 8 & 9) Recognize when a formula is ionic, acid, covalent (molecular), hydrate Recognize your polyatomics!! Ionic: name the cation, name the anion Binary (nonmetal gets –ide ending) Ternary (> 2 elements) (use polyatomic names) Acid: Binary (hydro-stem-ic acid) vs Oxyacid (stem –ic or stem –ous) Covalent ( use prefixes, no mono on 1st element, 2nd gets –ide ending) Name to formula: Know when to write charges and criss-cross (ionics and acids and hydrates) Rules for oxidation numbers and be able to find oxidation(charge) numbers for each element in a substance.