Green Office Building Environmental Perception and Job Satisfaction Real Estate Business Program Thammasat University

Main purpose of this study Relationship between job satisfaction and green office building To analyze factors that related to Job Satisfaction

Green Building

LEED office building in Bangkok Park Venture Sathorn Square AIA Sathorn AIA Capital Siam Cement Group (SCG) Kasikorn bank (KBank)

AIA Capital Center Occupancy Rate ~ 95% Parkventure Leasable area 54,000 Sq.m Occupancy Rate ~ 95% Parkventure Leasable area 27,000 Sq.m. Occupancy Rate ~ 95%

AIA Sathorn Leasable area 38,500 Sq.m Occupancy Rate ~ 40% Sathorn Square Leasable area 72,000 Sq.m Occupancy Rate ~ 95%

Cleanliness and Maintenance Author Indoor Air Quality Thermal Visual/Lighting Acoustic Cleanliness and Maintenance Office Furnishing Office Layout General Comment Overall Building Center for the Built Environment (CBE) Occupant Indoor Environmental Quality Survey, 2013 /   Building Occupants Survey System Australia Charles et al., 2004 Sulivan, Baird and Donn, 2013 Laeman and Bordass (2006) Abbaszadeh et al., 2006 Wilkinson, Reed and Jailani, 2011 Tomovska-Misoska, 2014

Research Hypothesis H1: Perceived indoor air quality has positive relations with job satisfaction H2: Perceived Thermal have positive relations with job satisfaction H3: Perceived visual has positive relations with job satisfaction H4: Perceived Acoustics have positive relations with

Conceptual Framework of This Study

Research Methodology This research collected data from the office buildings with LEED quality certification in Bangkok. A set of questionnaires were used to collect the data through convenient sampling. All of them were distributed directly to the samples who worked in the subjected offices. Meanwhile, online questionnaires are required to be sent through Google Doc as well, during 7 – 20 February 2016.

Result: Demographic Other AIA Capital Park Venture Sathorn green office building Park Venture SCG AIA Capital Center Sathorn Square

Result: Demographic

Rotated Component Matrixa Factor Analysis Rotated Component Matrixa   Component 1 2 3 4 5 iaq4 .748 iaq2 .688 iaq1 .686 iaq3 .649 iaq5 .536 a3 .761 a2 .717 v2 .690 v1 .634 a1 .616 .504 t1 .784 t4 .765 t2 .677 t3 .550 a5 .687 a4 .612 v6 .581 t5 .549 v5 .745 v4 .692 v3 .578 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. a. Rotation converged in 14 iterations. IAQ = Perceived Indoor Air Quality T = Perceived Thermal V = Perceived Visual A = Perceived Acoustic KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .847 Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 2571.542 df 210 Sig. .000

Rotated Component Matrixa Factor Analysis KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .850 Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 2075.723 df 171 Sig. .000 Rotated Component Matrixa   Component 1 2 3 4 T3 .755 T2 .741 IAQ2 .721 T4 .709 .376 T1 .420 IAQ4 .619 .324 IAQ1 .602 .349 IAQ3 .599 IAQ5 .444 A1 .802 A3 .356 A2 .733 A5 .600 .375 A4 .536 .364 V5 .769 V6 .665 .353 V3 .618 V4 .338 .498 T5 .751 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. a. Rotation converged in 11 iterations.

Rotated Component Matrixa Factor Analysis KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .855 Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 1994.064 df 153 Sig. .000 Rotated Component Matrixa   Component 1 2 3 4 T1 .803 T4 .800 T2 .707 .311 T3 .641 .422 IAQ4 .695 IAQ3 .642 IAQ5 .620 IAQ2 .471 .594 V3 .535 .520 IAQ1 .417 .503 A1 .811 A3 .344 .730 A2 .689 A5 .427 A4 .580 .415 V5 .736 V6 .696 V4 .401 .506 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. a. Rotation converged in 6 iterations.

Rotated Component Matrixa Factor Analysis KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .852 Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 1843.331 df 136 Sig. .000 Rotated Component Matrixa   Component 1 2 3 4 T4 .803 T1 .782 T2 .705 .316 T3 .644 .422 IAQ4 .764 IAQ3 .662 IAQ5 .639 IAQ2 .446 .618 IAQ1 .330 .602 .304 A1 .818 A3 .753 A2 .710 A5 .607 .476 A4 .549 .456 V6 .729 V5 .701 V4 .457 .497

Factor Cronbach’s Alpha Factor Loading Perceived Thermal 0.830   T4 : Stable temperature 0.803 T1 : Comfortable Temperature 0.782 T2 : Humidity 0.705 T3 : Air movement 0.644 Perceived Indoor Air Quality 0.784 IAQ4 : Breath comfortably 0.764 IAQ3 : Odor 0.662 IAQ5 : Non toxic furniture/interior 0.639 IAQ2 : Air ventilation 0.618 IAQ1 : Fresh air 0.602 Perceived Acoustics 0.789 A1 : Annoying noise 0.818 A3 : Outdoor noise 0.753 A2 : Mechanical noise 0.710 A5 : Auditory distraction 0.607 A4 : Telephone ringing noise 0.549 Perceived Visual 0.563 V6 : Light controllable 0.729 V5 : Outside view 0.701 V4 : Eye tiredness  0.497

Factor Analysis Job Satisfaction KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .934 Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 1649.547 df 66 Sig. .000 Job Satisfaction Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items .912 12 Item-Total Statistics   Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Item Deleted Corrected Item-Total Correlation Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted J1 41.4091 45.050 .505 .910 J2 41.4615 42.565 .695 .902 J3 41.5734 42.407 .616 .906 J4 41.0420 44.609 .565 .908 J5 41.2378 42.140 .655 .904 J6 41.2448 41.617 .710 J7 41.5315 41.478 .691 J8 41.5979 41.968 .670 .903 J9 41.3217 43.286 .568 J10 41.4371 42.836 .714 J11 41.5140 41.205 .778 .898 J12 41.5524 41.876 .619 Component Matrixa   Component 1 J11 .828 J10 .776 J6 .772 J2 .757 J7 .750 J8 .734 J5 .727 J12 .685 J3 .682 J9 .636 J4 .633 J1 .575 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. a. 1 components extracted.

Factor Analysis Factor N Mean Std. Deviation Valid Missing IAQ1 : Fresh air 286 3.8007 .73423 IAQ2 : Air ventilation 3.7867 .71079 IAQ3 : Odor 3.8601 .91844 IAQ4 : Breath comfortably 3.9231 .81285 IAQ5 : Non toxic furniture/interior 3.7517 .73359 T1 : Comfortable temperature 3.7308 .78644 T2 : Humidity 3.7622 .73468 T3 : Air movement 3.7902 .72405 T4 : Stable temperature 3.5315 .83607 V4 : Eye tiredness 3.3636 .84642 V5 : Outside view 3.6783 1.00246 V6 : Light controllable 2.9510 1.05849 A1 : Annoying noise 3.6364 .98797 A2 : Mechanical noise 3.8951 .91163 A3 : Outdoor noise 4.0035 .90805 A4 : Telephone ringing noise 3.2378 .97663 A5 : Auditory distraction 3.4755 .90869

Factor Analysis Factor N Mean Std. Deviation Valid Missing JS1 : Task satisfaction 286 3.7657 .69913 JS2 : Salary 3.7133 .78246 JS3 : Salary increase 3.6014 .88369 JS4 : Relationship with coworker 4.1329 .68812 JS5 : Relationship with supervisor 3.9371 .86829 JS6 : Opportunity to learn new things 3.9301 .86370 JS7 : Promotion 3.6434 .89760 JS8 : Feel like to work 3.5769 .87018 JS9 : Working tools 3.8531 .84154 JS10 : Valued opinions 3.7378 .73826 JS11 : Chose to work here again 3.6608 .83792 JS12 : Recommend this job to a friend 3.6224 .93886

Independent Variable (X) Dependent Variable (Y) Result Independent Variable (X) Dependent Variable (Y) Perceived Thermal Job Satisfaction Perceived Indoor Air Quality Perceived Visual Perceived Acoustic Model Summary Model R R Squareb Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate dimension0 1 .555a .308 .298 . 83626804 a. Predictors: REGR factor score 4 for analysis 4, REGR factor score 3 for analysis 4, REGR factor score 2 for analysis 4, REGR factor score 1 for analysis 4 b. For regression through the origin (the no-intercept model), R Square measures the proportion of the variability in the dependent variable about the origin explained by regression. This CANNOT be compared to R Square for models which include an intercept.

Result ANOVAc,d Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 87.785 4 21.946 31.381 .000a Residual 197.215 282 .699   Total 285.000b 286 a. Predictors: REGR factor score 4 for analysis 4, REGR factor score 3 for analysis 4, REGR factor score 2 for analysis 4, REGR factor score 1 for analysis 4 b. This total sum of squares is not corrected for the constant because the constant is zero for regression through the origin. c. Dependent Variable: REGR factor score Job d. Linear Regression through the Origin Coefficientsa,b Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 REGR factor score_Thermal .159 .050 3.201 .002 REGR factor score_Indoor Air Quality .433 8.739 .000 REGR factor score_Visual .277 5.598 REGR factor score_Acoustic .136 2.753 .006 a. Dependent Variable: REGR factor score Job b. Linear Regression through the Origin

Perceived Indoor Air Quality Results Job Satisfaction = 0.159(Thermal)** + 0.433(Indoor Air Quality)** + 0.138(Visual)** + 0.277(Acoustic)** Independent Variable \ Dependent Variable Perceived Thermal Perceived Indoor Air Quality Perceived Visual Perceived Acoustic Job Satisfaction 0.159** 0.433** 0.277** 0.136** R2 0.308 Adjusted R2 0.298 F 31.381 Sig.F 0.000

Results No. Hypothesis Results H1 Perceived indoor air quality has positive relations with job satisfaction Support H2 Perceived Thermal have positive relations with job satisfaction H3 Perceived vision has positive relations with job satisfaction H4 Perceived Acoustics have positive relations with job satisfaction

Results 0.159 0.433 0.277 R2 = 29.8% 0.136

ข้อเสนอแนะต่ออาคารสำนักงานให้เช่า Office building investor should be paid special attention to Indoor Air Quality Internal thermal comfort Visual/Lighting quality Sound & noises control To improve their abilities to compete in the marketplace Also, better green office buildings should attract office rates.

งานวิจัยต่อเนื่อง LEED office building tenant perception towards their customers Employee’s job satisfaction after periods of time Employee’s health in LEED office building Relation on LEED office building and tenant selection. Ability to attract big tenant and the affect of LEED office building to rental rate.

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