The World Between the Wars (1910–1939) Lesson 1 Revolution and Nationalism in Latin America

The World Between the Wars (1910–1939) Lesson 1 Revolution and Nationalism in Latin America Learning Objectives Identify causes and effects of the Mexican Revolution. Analyze the effects of economic and political nationalism on Latin America. Trace the changing relationship between Latin America and the United States.

The World Between the Wars (1910–1939) Lesson 1 Revolution and Nationalism in Latin America Key Terms Porfirio Díaz haciendas, Emiliano Zapata Venustiano Carranza, nationalization, Lázaro Cárdenas economic nationalism, cultural nationalism, Good Neighbor Policy,

The Mexican Revolution By 1910, the dictator Porfirio Díaz had ruled Mexico for almost 35 years, winning re-election as president again and again. On the surface, Mexico enjoyed peace and economic growth. Díaz welcomed foreign investors who developed mines, built railroads, and drilled for oil.

The Mexican Revolution Seeds of Discontent Diaz rules for 35 years Most Mexicans poor and working on Haciendas- Madero calls for free elections- imprisoned Diaz eventually steps down A Complex Struggle Madero- not radical enough, too radical? Huerta assassinates Madero- became dictator Revolution Emiliano Zapata- Poncho Villa- Venustiano Carranza- Millions killed US sent troops in twice Huerta deposed Carranza takes over

The Mexican Revolution Peasants joined the Mexican revolution in the hopes of improving their lives. Most were untrained and had few supplies, but they continued to fight for social, political, and economic change.

Economic and Social Reforms Venustiano Carranza had called for a new constitution during the Mexican Revolution. But he did not like the one he had reluctantly signed in 1917 and did not institute its reforms. In 1920, rival revolutionaries arranged for his assassination. The constitution, however, survived. With some revisions, it is still in effect today.

Economic and Social Reforms The Constitution of 1917 Carranza didn’t like constitution but it still survives today Land, Religion, Labor Nationalization of land Limited foreign ownership Church land was made property of nation Helped workers The PRI Takes Control Main party in Mexico PRI? Social and Economic Reforms Lazaro Cardenas- redistributes land to peasants

Economic and Social Reforms During the Constitutional Convention in Querétaro, Venustiano Carranza chaired the committee that drafted the Constitution of 1917. The Congress approved it on February 5, 1917.

Economic and Social Reforms Analyze Graphs Between 1915 and 1940, nearly 75 million acres of land were distributed to Mexico’s people, fulfilling one goal of the constitution. Which president redistributed the most land?

Nationalism Spreads in Latin America The issues facing Mexico were echoed in other Latin American nations. In the early 1900s, Latin America’s economy was booming because of exports. Latin Americans sold their plentiful natural resources and cash crops to industrialized countries. In return, they bought products made in those countries.

Nationalism Spreads in Latin America Economic Nationalism Political Nationalism Cultural Nationalism Relations with the United States The Good Neighbor Policy Economic Nationalism- emphasis on home control of economies End economic dependence on Western powers Political nationalism- authoritarian dictators set up strong govts Cultural Nationalism- pride in own culture Good Neighbor Policy- US still interfered in Latin American, under new policy, they agreed to stop interfering Still interfered

Nationalism Spreads in Latin America Men load coffee onto a steamer in Santos, Brazil. Brazil has long been the world’s main exporter of coffee.

Nationalism Spreads in Latin America Analyze Charts During the early 1900s, the United States regularly intervened in Latin American conflicts. What was the most common form of intervention?

Quiz: The Mexican Revolution What caused many people in the urban middle class to oppose Díaz’s dictatorship and support a political revolution? A. They wanted more land and better lives. B. They wanted a democratic government. C. They wanted better wages and homes. D. They wanted control of their companies.

Quiz: Economic and Social Reforms How did the Constitution of 1917 try to resolve some of the problems that started the Mexican Revolution? A. It nationalized Mexican industries and resources. B. It granted suffrage and other rights to the working class and to women. C. It lessened the power of foreign investors and distributed land more equally. D. It established the PRI, which stabilized and dominated politics for decades.

Quiz: Nationalism Spreads in Latin America How were economic and political nationalism in Latin America related? A. Both developed from the Good Neighbor Policy with the United States. B. Both developed from the desire to reflect their culture and ancestry. C. Both developed from the need to expand international trade. D. Both developed from a growing wish to end foreign dependence.