Biological Classification aka Taxonomy copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Species of Organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all organisms that ever lived!!!!! New organisms are still being found and identified copyright cmassengale
What is Classification? Taxonomy - the discipline of arranging organisms into orderly groups and assigning each universally accepted name Taxonomists are scientists that identify & name organisms copyright cmassengale
Benefits of Classifying Avoids confusion caused by having many common names for the same organism Prevents misnomers such as starfish & jellyfish that aren't really fish Uses same language (Latin or some Greek) for all names Sea”horse”?? copyright cmassengale
Confusion in Using Different Languages for Names copyright cmassengale
Latin Names are Understood by all Taxonomists copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Early Taxonomists 2000 years ago, Aristotle was the first taxonomist Aristotle divided organisms into plants & animals only copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Early Taxonomists John Ray, a botanist, was the first to use Latin for naming His names were very long descriptions telling everything about the plant copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Carolus Linnaeus 1707 – 1778 18th century taxonomist Classified organisms by their structure Developed naming system still used today (modified) copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Carolus Linnaeus Called the “Father of Taxonomy” Developed the modern system of naming known as binomial nomenclature It results in a ‘scientific name’ consisting of two parts. (Genus & species) copyright cmassengale
Writing Scientific Names Capitalize the first letter of the genus, everything else is lowercase. Italicized in print Underline when writing by hand Turdus migratorius American Robin copyright cmassengale
Which TWO are more closely related? copyright cmassengale Three Bears Which TWO are more closely related? copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale 8 Taxons (Groups) Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species Taxonomy Song! Taxon ( taxa-plural) is a category into which related organisms are placed copyright cmassengale
Hierarchy-Taxonomic Groups Domain Kingdom Phylum (Division – used for plants) Class Order Family Genus Species BROADEST TAXON Genus and species are the two names used to identify specific organisms in the binomial system of classification. Division is used for plants. Most Specific copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Linnaeus proposed 7 taxons, but now we use 8. copyright cmassengale
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copyright cmassengale Domains Dr. V – Outline the three domains, six kingdoms, talk about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Distribute Summary Table copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Cladogram Diagram showing how organisms are related based on shared, derived characteristics such as feathers, hair, or scales copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Primate Cladogram copyright cmassengale