Science of classification of organisms EVOLUTION Taxonomy Science of classification of organisms

Dichotomous Keys A series of paired statements used to identify an organism (Do you know how to use a dichotomous key?)

8 Levels of Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum (Phyla-pl) or Division (plants) Class Order Family Genus (Genera-pl) Species

(Can you list the levels of classification in order (Can you list the levels of classification in order? Remember: King Philip Came Over For Good Soup Do you understand the levels get smaller and more specific as you go down?)

Human Classification Domain Eukarya You don’t Kingdom Animalia have to Phylum Chordata know the Class Mammalia specific Order Primates levels, Family Hominidae except Genus Homo genus & Species sapiens species

Primates

Family Hominidae

Can you guess what these are? (Don’t have to know these. Examples.) Domain Eukarya Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Arthropoda Class Reptilia Insecta Order Chelonia Diptera Family Emydidae Culicidae Genus Terrapene Theobaldia Species carolina anulata

First to classify organisms

Carolus Linnaeus The father of modern taxonomy – proposed binomial nomenclature

Old Scientific Name of European Honeybee Apis pubescens, thorace subgriseo, abdomine fusco, pedibus posticis glabis, untrinque margine ciliatus

Today, its scientific name is Apis mellifera

Linnaeus developed binomial nomenclature – a two name system for writing scientific names A scientific name is the organism’s genus and species

Why do biologists use scientific names? Common names can be misleading Scientific names are specific for each type of organism and can’t be confused

FROGMOUTH –does this look like a frog?

JELLYFISH – is it really a fish?

GUINEA PIGS – are they a type of pig?

SEA CUCUMBERS – are they plants or animals?

SEAHORSE – is it a horse?

ROBIN OR ROBIN? Which one are you referring to when you say robin?

LADYBUGS – are they all female? Are they bugs?

PINE TREE – which type of pine tree are you referring to? Ponderosa? Loblolly? White? Rocky Mountain? Virginia?

DOMAINS Since the bacteria are so different in their molecular structure, 2 domains are used to show their diversity 3 Domains of living things Bacteria (common prokaryotes Archaea (prokaryotes that live in harsh environments)

Domain Eukaryo Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia are in the Domain Eukarya

Some Bacteria

Some Archaea

Kingdom Protista – (protists); eukaryotes; some have cell walls; most unicellular; some autotrophs (make their own food) and some heterotrophs (take in food from the environment; some locomote and some immobile

Some Protists

Kingdom Fungi – (fungi); eukaryotes; cell walls; most multicellular; heterotrophic; immobile

Some Fungi

Kingdom Plantae – (plants); eukaryotes; cell walls of cellulose; multicellular; all autotrophs; immobile

Some Plants

Kingdom Animalia – (animals); eukaryotes; no cell walls; multicellular; heterotrophs; nerves

Taxonomy is Constantly Revised https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/msn/new-shark-species-discovered-in-depths-of-the-atlantic/ar-BBJGzrV New shark species discovered by analyzing DNA