Taxonomy Topic 3.

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Presentation transcript:

Taxonomy Topic 3

Taxonomy- organizing organisms into groups based on similarities Also called Classification

Why classify? Many different languages around the world By creating a set system of naming, everyone will understand which organism is being referred to. Usually Latin (sometimes Greek)

Who? Carolus Linnaeus “Father of Taxonomy” Classified organisms based on structure Developed the system of Binomial Nomenclature 2 name system

Binomial Nomenclature Always italicized when typed, underlined when hand written First name CAPITALIZED- Genus Second name lower case- species Example: Ursa maritimus = Polar Bear

Species belonging to the same Genus are close relatives Lepidochelys olivacea Chelonia mydas Lepidochelys kempii

→ → Hierarchy of Taxonomy Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family BROADEST TAXON Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species → Most Specific

Did King Phillip Come Over For Good Soup????? copyright cmassengale

3 Domains Archaea & Eubacteria Eukarya Unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles) Eukarya Eukaryotes (nucleus & organelles) May be unicellular or multicelluar

Eukarya All organisms have nucleus and internal organelles. This domain is separated into Four Kingdoms

4 Kingdoms of Eukarya Protista (protozoans, algae) Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts) Plantae (multicellular plants) Animalia (multicellular animals)

Protista Mainly Unicellular Some are autotrophic, while others are heterotrophic Aquatic

Protozoa: Heterotrophic Protists Examples include: ameba and paramecium Algae: Autotrophic Protists Example: sea weed

Fungi All are heterotrophic They are decomposers Absorb nutrients Can be unicellular (yeast and bread mold) Can be multicellular (mushrooms)

Plantae All are multicellular Autotrophic Examples: mosses, grasses, flowers, trees

Animalia All are eukaryotic Multicellular Heterotrophic

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Basis for Modern Taxonomy Homologous structures (same structure, different function) Similar embryo development Molecular Similarity in DNA, RNA, or amino acid sequence of Proteins

Homologous Structures (BONES in the FORELIMBS) shows Similarities in mammals.