Politics and the State in Western Europe

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Presentation transcript:

Politics and the State in Western Europe During the Renaissance

Emergence of States in Europe A strong state (country) requires a strong leader. During the Middle Ages no ruler was able to provide effective leadership. Feudal nobles and constant warfare discourage state building. 15th century - Aggressive action to consolidate territory and form nations began. 1st - Italian city states “New Monarchies” - France, England, Spain Used techniques similar to Machiavelli

France - 1422 Beginning with Charles VII Step 1 - Reconcile Burgundians and Armagnacs Step 2 - Expel the English Step 3 - Centralize wealth - Increase taxes Step 4 - Create a permanent Royal Army Step 5 - Use army to control noble militias Step 6 - Reconquer separatist regions Step 7 - Consolidate territories through marriage alliances. Step 8 - Control the Church - Concordat of Bologna

England - Beginning with War of Roses English Civil War - Houses of York and Lancaster - Known as the War of the Roses Weakest point of the monarchy 1471 - Yorkist Edward IV - defeated Lancastrian forces. Brother Richard III and Henry VII (Tudor) began to crush noble authority. Avoided expensive wars - Don’t have to ask Parliament for money. Negotiated treaties with foreign countries to legitimize Tudor Royal Authority Henry VII’s son Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, princess of Spain.

Spain - Isabella and Ferdinand Spain (and Iberian Peninsula) remained several independent kingdoms. Castile, Aragon, Navarre, Portugal, Granada. 1469 Isabella of Castile marries Ferdinand of Aragon. Two largest kingdoms allied. Not unified. Couple began to exclude powerful nobles from royal council. Secured right to appoint clergy from Pope. Conquered Muslim Granada in South. Conquered Navarre in North. Reconquista - Expelling Muslims and Jews from Spain.