Who had the power and authority in Era 3? Lesson 3 Who had the power and authority in Era 3? An exploration of three types of political structures in the Mediterranean

Empire Review Think-Pair-Share: Think – Based on what we have studied so far, what is an empire? Pair – Talk with a partner about your ideas. Together, jot down some of the characteristics (the recipe!) of an empire. Share- Be ready to share your thoughts with the class.

EMPIRES Did not start from scratch and developed over time Had strong leaders with powerful armies that gained land through conquest. Developed systems and bureaucracies to manage people and resources. Built roads and expanded trade networks, connecting people and sharing ideas. Had established religions, but also often allowed other religions to be practiced. Declined for different reasons, but often because of conflicts over power.

This lesson Area we will study: The Mediterranean Area Concept we will study: Government

Different types of Governments Who had the power and authority?

Note: Greece lasted as an empire for only a short time. ?

Although the timeline mentions a “Greek Empire,” there was never a unified Greek empire under one authority that controlled vast territories. Rather, there was an alliance of Greek city-states called the Delian League that was controlled by the city-state of Athens that had far-reaching influence. While some people refer to this as the Greek Empire, it did not exist as an empire in the same way that Rome did because it did not completely control as large an area, and because there was less central authority. Also, not all Greek city-states were a part of it.

Greek Empire… or Athenian Empire? The area under the control of the Delian League (controlled by Athens), around 450 BCE.

Geography and History Read page 169 in your textbook and complete this sheet.

The Rise of Greek Civilization Read pages 170-171 in your textbook and take notes using these sheets

Mycenaean Artifact Activity

Ceramic bowl used for wine

Small duck vase carved out of rock crystal

Gold drinking cup

Jar with octopus design

Gold Jewelry

Dagger with Sea Creatures

Gold Funerary mask

Lead statues of a female dancer and a flute player

Sequence Activity

City-State a “community,” that with its immediate surrounding territory, recognizes no higher political authority than itself. A city-state has its own view of power and authority as reflected in its political structure. It has its own identity reflected in its own culture and social institutions. It is not controlled by a larger body like a country. Turn and Talk: How is a city-state different from an empire?

Decision making and power in Athens

Introduction to Athens and Athenian Democracy

Text in the Middle Activity

Females, slaves and foreigners Athenian Democracy Who had power? Who did not have power? Male citizens Females, slaves and foreigners

How could citizens participate in the democracy of Athens? Athenian Democracy How could citizens participate in the democracy of Athens? They could vote. They could serve on the Ruling Council. They could vote on new laws. They could serve on juries. They could vote out politicians they did not like.

Assembly- open to all citizens; made decisions by arguing and voting Council of 500: representatives of the 10 tribes; carried out decisions of the Assembly Redo graphic The basic structure of government in Athens Elected officials like generals and judges who had specific jobs.

Assembly- open to all citizens; made decisions by arguing and voting Council of 500: representatives of the 10 tribes; carried out decisions of the Assembly Redo graphic Elected officials like generals and judges who had specific jobs.

from Republic to Empire Rome… from Republic to Empire

Rome Rome began as a city-state in Italy, not far from Greece. It went on to become one of the largest empires in human history. It had two different periods of government: The Republic and the Empire

Hills that made it easy to defend. Fertile soil Read page 211 in your textbook and identify and list 4 geographic advantages Rome had. Hills that made it easy to defend. Fertile soil A source of water (Tiber river) Located at the center of the Mediterranean Sea region.

Rome over time… red = Roman empire 390 BCE

Rome over time… red = Roman empire 100 BCE

Rome over time… red = Roman empire 50 BCE

Read the top section of page 212 in your textbook and be ready to answer this question Who were the Etruscans? http://www.maravot.com/Etruscan_people.jpg

What is another example of people who did not want a king? After driving the last Etruscan king from the throne, the Romans vowed never again to put so much trust in kings. They wanted a government that did not rely on the will of one ruler. What is another example of people who did not want a king? http://www.maravot.com/Etruscan_people.jpg

Romans Form a Republic Read pages 213-214 in your textbook and complete this sheet.

The basic structure of government of the Roman Republic Assembly The Democratic Branch Senate The Aristocratic Branch Consuls The Monarchical (Kingly) Branch The basic structure of government of the Roman Republic

Consul Senate Assembly Number 2 300+ All citizens Powers Ran the gov’t Led the military Created laws Controlled the money Approved laws Approved wars and alliances Limits on Power One year term Could veto each other No power over military Laws could be rejected Couldn’t create laws No control over money

How was this government similar to and different from the government of Athens?

The Decline of the Republic Read pages 214 – 215 in your textbook and summarize the sequence of events described in the text using the chart below

Power in the Roman Empire

Small group discussion: Do we take Caesar Augustus at his word? The Deeds of the Divine Augustus, carved into a temple wall For example, in the Deeds of the Divine Augustus, he claimed that “All Italy swore allegiance to me voluntarily, and demanded me as leader of the war which I won at Actium.” Do you think this is true? Do you think everyone in Rome wanted him to be emperor? Why would Caesar Augustus write this? Do you think this document portrays Caesar Augustus in a positive or negative light? Can we believe his account of his own actions? How do we resolve any doubts we might have about his account?

The Fall of the Roman Republic and the Rise of the Empire

Republic Empire

Summary Activity